Thomas Jefferson Essays -- essays research papers

Thomas Jefferson is remembered in history not only for the offices he held, but also for his belief in the natural rights of man as expressed in the Declaration of Independence and his faith in the people’s ability to govern themselves. Through his political career, Thomas Jefferson advocated democratic principles and adhered to his liberal ideology. However, as a president he found it difficult to maintain these policies in the noisy arena of politics. Consequently, circumstances forced him to reverse himself in some degree on these concepts. When he was voted into the presidency, Jefferson devoted a major section of his inaugural address to the "’the essential principles of our government, and consequently those which ought to shape it’s administration’" (Cunningham). Here he reiterated his basic political principles and the leading policies that he had professed as a candidate, which he now restated as the guiding pillars of his administration. He began by affirming "’equal and exact justice to all his men, of whatever state or persuasion, religious or political.’" Next, Jefferson proclaimed, "Peace, commerce, and honest friendship with all nations, entangling alliances with none." He then went on to affirm his commitment to the rights of the states and the preservation of the central government. Continuing to intermingle general principles and specific policies, that new president declared that he favored reliance for defense on a "militia rather than an army, a small navy" (Cunningham) and prosperity through "economy, the payment of debts, and the encouragement of agriculture and commerce as its handmaid." He also emphasized basic rights such as freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and impartially selected juries. "These principles," Jefferson concluded, "form the brightest constellation, which has gone before us and guided our steps through an age of revolution and reformation†¦ They should be the creed of our political faith, the text of civic instruction, the touchstone by which we try the services of those we trust." Unfortunately for Jefferson, marinating this creed would not be easy during this period of history. Jefferson maintained his governing principles throughout the most part of his presidency.... ...elpless American ship was thereupon forced to surrender four of its men. One was a British deserter, but three were Americans. Many Americans wanted to go to war against Britain over this incident. However, Jefferson was determined to avoid war, feeling he could bring Britain to terms by applying economic pressure. In December 1807, the Congress passed the Embargo Act. American ships were forbidden to sail from American ports to any European port. Jefferson believed that England and France could not survive without American trade. However, he had greatly underestimated the effect of the embargo on the United States itself. All parts of the country were affected, especially the industrial and commercial North. In order to avoid war, Jefferson was forced to act against two of his principles by risking American commerce and terminating friendly relationships with other nations. Despite the unavoidable circumstances that caused his actions, Jefferson still proved to be one of the most valued presidents. His ideas, firmly established in the Declaration of Independence, are the foundation of modern society. Current politicians and citizens value many of his principles as well.

Personal Computers Essay

Background. The Personal Computers at their advent were simple machines with less number of parts and limited capabilities. Less power was required to operate the computers and computer heating was never a major problem. However with the development in microprocessor and solid state technologies there was a revolution in how people used computers. The computers today can be configured according to ones needs and many add on components like graphics cards, Modems, USB devices etc. can be fitted on computers . Motherboards today also come with an increased number of components. However with the increase in components a new problem of heating has surfaced in computers. Problems and Motivation Although these components have increased the functionality of computers tremendously it has raised a serious problem of heating. With the increase in number of components the demand for power supply has increased. The components consume more energy and generate large amount heat. Electronic devices perform inefficiently or even get damaged as a result of excessive heat. Hence new challenges to protect these components from getting damaged by proper cooling of heat has emerged. Though the components have increased in numbers the size of PCs has kept reducing. People today prefer smaller PCs for space constraints and aesthetics. In order to keep in line with the reducing sizes the Power supply and the cooling system should also go transformation in sizes. One needs to design cooling systems with greater performances yet at a reduced scale. As the power supply and cooling are the components of PC case there is a need to renovate these cases to protect computer components from getting overheated and damaged. At the same time the it should be scaled down and match the aesthetics of other parts such as monitors, keyboards etc which come in designer shapes today. Research Aims and Objectives With reference to the above discussed problem there is a need to develop PC cases which are responsible for computer cooling. The aim of the project is to create simulation in order to find a better solution over the existing PC Cases and prevent spreading of heat to other components. The project will achieve three main objectives The initial objective would be to understand the principle of fluid dynamics and apply it to the PC Case problem. Secondly we will design a model to convert humid air by applying Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) The final objective would be to provide recommendations for the PC Case. Literature Review The preliminary literature was done on the existing problems in PC Cases and the sources of heat in computer system . The current methodologies implemented for cooling were also studied. Basic literature on application of fluid dynamics and use of Computational Fluid Dynamics to solve problems was also reviewed Methodology The Research will be experimental in nature. simulation model of the existing PC Cases will be developed in CFD. The models will be simulated again with modification for the proposed air cooling. The comparison between the two simulation will help in developing the cooling system and designing of the PC Cases. The results obtained will be experimental in nature and the problem is achievable theoretically with the help of CFD. As the project intends to suggest changes over the existing models the use of Simulation is justified to obtain outcomes as the existing systems are already simulated for cooling by making use of CFD. Triangulation: Mathematical models for the fluid dynamics of air can be constructed and solved for various conditions and the outcomes of these can be cross examined with the that of computer simulations. An experimental set-up can be created to check the prototype of cooling system and the results can be compared. Reliability : The prototype and the simulated models can be tested over a number of systems/components from different manufacturers and checked for reliability. Ethics: The project will adhere to all the guidelines and protocols of electronic manufacturing devices in terms of manufacturing, quality and safety. Environment : The proposed PC cases will be environment friendly. It may be manufactured from environmental friendly recycled materials to reducing global warming. Noise reduction will be achieved considerably with the improved change in design. Analysis The outcomes of the project will help in analyzing the reduction achieved in heat generated and the prevention of components. It will also analyze the cost of implementation and its economic feasibility. Conclusion With correct implementation of fluid dynamics modification in the existing PC cases can be achieved to cool heat efficiently and prevent components from overheating. Although the project is experimental in nature and relies mainly on simulation there may be a variation in its actual implementations. Whether the PC Cases behave as recommended can only be judged only by their practical application the project can be a strong foundation to extend this future scope.

Doctrine of Foreign Policy Constructed by U.S. Presidents

There were many presidents of the United States that were able to construct doctrines during their presidency terms in office that defined their individual foreign policy goals and/or aims. Just to name a few there was the Monroe Doctrine of 1823, Truman Doctrine 1947 and the Reagan Doctrine of 1984. For example, the Monroe Doctrine was constructed for two main reasons: 1) John Adams, Secretary of State, suggested the principle that the Western hemisphere was not an option for any further colonization by the European powers and 2) the U.S. would defend the freedom of other nations. The Monroe Doctrine proved its power in the 1900’s when President Roosevelt enforced the doctrine during the Venezuela Border Dispute as well as securing the independence of Cuba from the abusive Spanish rule. During his Presidency, The Ronald Reagan Doctrine was a foreign policy in the United States from 1980 to 1991. The doctrine was to help eliminate communist governments such as Latin America, Africa and Asia which were supported by the Soviet Union (Lagon, 1994). The plan was to implement support to private and open guerilla and resistance movements that were supported by the Soviet in communist countries. Containment was the official policy towards communism and in creating the Reagan Doctrine, the focus started from keeping communism from spreading then it shifted to eliminating existing communist governments. In addition to the eliminations of the communist governments, the UnitedShow MoreRelatedEssay on Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt835 Words   |  4 PagesAfter the assassination of President McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt inherited a growing empire when he took office in 1901. The U.S. had annexed Hawaii in 1898 and Spanish-American War granted the U.S. control of the Phili ppines. It also led the U.S. to establish a protectorate over Cuba and grant territorial status for Puerto Rico. By taking on the Philippine Islands as an American colony after the Spanish-American War he had ended the U.S.s isolation from international politics. Theodore RooseveltRead MoreU.S. Bombing of North Vietnam1454 Words   |  6 PagesOn February 24, 1965, United States President Lyndon B. Johnson authorized Operation ROLLING THUNDER to commence against North Vietnam. ROLLING THUNDER, the longest bombing campaign ever conducted by the United States Air Force, lasted from 1965 to 1968. (Tilford, â€Å"Operation ROLLING THUNDER†) There were several reasons why President Johnson chose to begin an all-out bombing campaign against North Vietnam at this time. The United States wanted to prevent the spread of communism by enforcing theRead MoreAmerica s Changing Foreign Policy2460 Words   |  10 Pages The Monroe Doctrine was an assertion of President James Monroe regarding U.S. foreign policy in 1823. 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Source Code Public Class Gumballmachine Implements

Source Code Gumball Machine: public class GumballMachine implements IGumballMachine { State soldOutState; State noCoinState; State hasCoinState; State soldState; State state = soldOutState; int count = 0; int gumballInSlot = 0; int coin = 0; public GumballMachine(int numberGumballs) { soldOutState = new SoldOutState(this); noCoinState = new NoCoinState(this); hasCoinState = new HasCoinState(this); soldState = new SoldState(this); this.count = numberGumballs; if (numberGumballs 0) { state = noCoinState; } } public void insertQuarter() { state.insertCoin(25); } public void insertDime() {†¦show more content†¦} void refill(int count) { this.count = count; state = noCoinState; } public void setCoin(int c) { coin = c; } public int getCoin() { return coin; } public State getState() { return state; } public State getSoldOutState() { return soldOutState; } public State getNoCoinState() { return noCoinState; } public State getHasCoinState() { return hasCoinState; } public State getSoldState() { return soldState; } public String toString() { StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer(); result.append( Mighty Gumball, Inc.); result.append( Java-enabled Standing Gumball Model #2004); result .append( Inventory: + count + gumball); if (count != 1) { result.append(s); } result.append( ); result.append(Machine is + state + ); return result.toString(); } public boolean isGumballInSlot() { if (gumballInSlot 0) { System.out.println(isGumballInSlot: true); return true; } else { System.out.println(isGumballInSlot: false); return false; } } public void takeGumballFromSlot() { if (gumballInSlot 0) { System.out.println(Take all ( + gumballInSlot + ) gumball from the slot); gumballInSlot =

Masculinity As A Man s Man - 2606 Words

â€Å"When I m talking to groups that are all men†, said Gloria Steinem, writer and political activist, â€Å"we talk about how the masculine role limits them. They often want to talk about how they missed having real fathers, real loving, present fathers, because of the way that they tried to fit the picture of masculinity† (Steinem). This particular idea of masculinity is a much more modern interpretation that has changed drastically over the centuries. Masculinity used to be defined as a male who was a man’s man that exemplified President Theodore Roosevelt’s idea of pulling one’s self up by the bootstraps. Over the years, especially in literature, the evolution of masculinity can be directly traced through careful and considerate evaluation and analysis. As we explore the evolution of masculinity, the key elements to fully understand include what exactly it means to be a man, how this concept has changed over time, and what it means to be a man in today’s society. When the word masculinity is mentioned, typically, a specific image is conjured in the mind of the listener or reader. This image is one of confidence, a great athletic physique, and the idea of an overcomer. In a certain time period this would be exactly correct, but masculinity has evolved and changed since this definition held true. So what exactly does it mean to be a man? There are a plethora of answers to this question when looking only at one society, let alone the entire world. However, when looking at AmericanShow MoreRelatedMan s Conformity : Hegemonic Masculinity1427 Words   |  6 PagesMan’s Conformity to Hegemonic Masculinity The notion of hegemonic masculinity has altered the field of gender studies and many academic arenas. An idea popularized by R.W. Connell, hegemonic masculinity has played an integral role in the emotional development of American men, articulating the impact that this societal construction has had on the concept of American masculinity. It is a contested topic, yet the impacts that it has in terms of sexuality, struggles for power and political leadershipRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol On A Man s Masculinity1265 Words   |  6 PagesThis study was aimed at finding out the effects of alcohol on a man’s masculinity and how drinking makes men feel in comparison to when they are sober. Existing literature from Addis and Mahalik, (2003); Good, Schopp, Thomson, Hathaway, Mazurek Sanford-Martens (2008); Dempster (2011) has suggested that the impacts of alcohol on masculinity and often results in men feeling pressure to keep drinking to keep their masculinity credit. This study used 4 males from St. Mary’s University, TwickenhamRead MoreJohn Tosh s A Man s Place : Masculinity And The Middle Class Home932 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Tosh’s ‘‘A Man s Place: Masculinity and the Middle-Class Home in Victorian England’’, published in 1999 is an important contribution to the study of gender history, particularly within the Victorian period. His study of the connection between masculinity and domesticity, an area very much overlooked, helps to provide a balanced view on the role of gender in Victorian England. There has been a lot of study into the female experience of the transition from the private sphere into the public sphereRead MoreMasculinity : Masculinity And Conformity1616 Words   |  7 Pagesportrayals of masculinity and conformity. All of these texts have main characters who struggle with the demands of masculinity and the pressures to conform to society’s view of masculinity. 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Historically, as slaves black men were taught that dominance and patriarchal control over women was their right, and an integral part of masculinity.1 Living in white patriarchal society, where powerful white men are the standard of masculinity, many black men may struggle to find an identity which reflects themselvesRead MoreEvasive Masculinity On Men s Lifestyle Magazines936 Words   |  4 PagesMen s lifestyle magazines are now argued to be an important locus and breeding ground for what has recently been dubbed new lad masculinity (Benwell, 2004, pp3). The second article this essay is going to explore is that by Benwell (2004) titled, Evasive masculinity in men s lifestyle magazines. By definition, new lad masculinity describes the rejection of the previously recognised new man ; a feminist concept which emerged in the nineteen eighties (Nixon, 2001). By this, BenwellRead MoreAnalysis Of The Song Wicked Games1697 Words   |  7 Pagesprivilege, and prestige (the three P s) in action. Abel is a black, heterosexual, 25-year-old male who is considered to be a part of the high-class due to his fame and current day fortune. Based on societal norms/values, Abel belongs to the dominant identity for gender, class, sexuality, and age. The only identity that lacks the three P s is race because he is a part of a minority race. Since most of Abel s intersecting identities allow him to have the three P s, he is considered to have the powerRead MoreOf Mice And Men : The Era Of The Great Depression1516 Words   |  7 PagesWomen were looked at as less than a men , the intellectual individual. Being a male was the greatest things they could be and their masculinity was their greatest pride. In the 1930Â’s the era of the Great Depression took presence. The manÂ’s role in the depression was much more refined in this era. Most views of a man in the 1930 s were of a strong, hard working man who supplied the needs of his family. 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From that moment on, challenging the social structures that these norms entail suggest a sense of sensitivity, homosexuality or weakness, ultimately emasculating the highly regarded social stigmas attached with being a man. Despite being indoctrinated into the minds of black boys from

Health and Wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander

Question: Discuss about theHealth and Wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander. Answer: Introduction Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander are the original inhabitants of Australia. Improving the health status of these two communities have proved to be an uphill task for the government of Australia. Advances in the overall health of aboriginal and Torres Strait islanders have not only been slow but also inconsistent. If no bold steps are taken then the health of both of these two cultures will reduce significantly especially owing to the fact that the population of the two Australian groups is growing at a very high rate. For the health care services to achieve a state whereby each and every person is able to reach his or her full potential as human beings, then a health framework has to be developed that recognizes the important of cultural safety and tries to reduce the health inequality gap between minority groups in Australia like the aboriginal folks and the rest of the Australian residents. In my view, the best strategy is establishing aboriginal and Torres Strait islander community controlled health service. I believe there is a huge gap between the services that the health care providers offer and what the Aboriginal and Torres Strait islanders people want. The central reason why this is the case is because the health system has failed to adopt programs to aboriginal and Torres Strait islanders beliefs. Health and fitness should be defined from the point of view of the aboriginal and Torres Strait islanders. Cultural differences should be recognized when carrying out any diagnosis. I am of the opinion that it is fundamental not to depend on too much on western psychiatric classification systems especially when trying to find, comprehend as well as work with symptom patterns of distress when it comes to aboriginal and Torres Strait islanders population (Purdie, Dudgeon, Walker, 2010). Atkinson research on post-traumatic stress points out that there is a wide range of related cultural and relational trauma indicators that necessitate evaluation and keen scrutinizing. These indicators comprise of community disconnection, disjointed identity construction as well as complications in sustaining close relationships. I feel that unless aboriginal and Torres Strait islander community controlled health service approach is adopted; it will be very difficult for the total well-being of the community to be achieved. The poor health standing of aboriginal and Torres Strait islander folks is not something new. Infant health, chronic and communicable diseases, life expectation as well as mental health are some of the areas that are highly affected by health inequality. This is the reason why a health framework that concentrates on bridging the inequality gap as well as recognizing the importance of culture and history (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Male Health and Wellbeing Reference Committee, Adams, 2004). Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander community controlled health service strategy is fundamental. A primary health care service introduced and run by the indigenous community will ensure that there is a delivery of holistic, broad as well as culturally fitting to the aboriginal and Torres Strait islander community. The local residents also gain a sense of ownership and their confidence in the health care institution increases since they know that their medical needs will be met in a manner that they wish since some of the staff belong to the aboriginal and Torres islander community.in other words, the strategy allows them to exercise self-determination as far as their health is concerned (Closing the Gap Clearinghouse, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Australian Institute of Family Studies, 2013). This strategy will also ensure that more people from the two communities will be encouraged to take up health care services roles in their communities since the latest statisti cs worrying. According to research, there were only two hundred and four aboriginal doctors in Australia. Statistics also show that only one percent of trainee general practitioners in Australia are aboriginal. These statistics show that if these strategies are to be implemented, then demand for aboriginal and Torres Strait islanders would increase therefore encouraging many members of the community to join the medical profession (South Australian Aboriginal Health Partnership, 2004). As far as interacting with aboriginal and Torres Strait islander patients is concerned, I would first of all ensure that I am sensitive to their cultural beliefs when conducting my medical examinations. I would also encourage open communication to ensure that I understand what the patient wants to as to eliminate any possibility of a misunderstanding. I would avoid making assumptions by consulting with family members of the patient in case he or she is not in a position to answer some fundamental questions. According to research, exposure to psychological stressors is relatively higher in aboriginal and Torres Strait islanders when compared to other Australians (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2011). With this in mind, I would try my best to structure my treatment keeping in mind this fact such that do not just deal with the physical well-being of the patient but also other factors hence ensuring the total well-being of the patient. When dealing with aboriginal and Torres Strait isl ander health staff, I would endeavor to appreciate their differences and try my best to learn from them whenever I can. I would encourage collaboration between the patient, family, and health staff to ensure that the service delivered is at par with the expectations of the healthcare service consumer as well as the profession itself (Dudgeon, Walker, Scrine, Shepherd, Calma Ring, 2014). Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander community controlled health service strategy will play a significant role in closing the health gap between this two communities and the rest of the Australian citizens who enjoy better health. First, I believe this strategy has the potential to generate a lot of demand for Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander medical experts who will be needed to operate these local health care institutions. As such, more people from these two communities will flock in medical training institutions to acquire various medical skills and by doing so the number of medical professionals from these two communities will increase significantly in the country and the patients in the local communities will be able to access health services (Australian Institute Of Health and Welfare, 2009). Secondly, establishment of many Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander community controlled health services which are started and operated by local communities will ensure that each and every member of the community is able to access health care services that are culturally appropriate and particularly sensitive to social, cultural and emotional well-being of the whole community (Queensland Health, 2012). Thirdly, the establishment of many Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander community organized health services will allow the communities to exercise some sense of self-determination hence leading them to be actively involved in making decisions that directly touch on their health and well-being (Healey, 2014). Finally, the fact that the institutions will be established and run by the local community will ensure that the prices will be favorable to community members. As such, many of them will be in a position to access affordable health care services. This will increase the number of people frequenting hospitals for medical assistance, therefore, reducing the health gap (Australia, Australian Health Ministers' Advisory Council, National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Council (Australia), 2004). All in all, the aboriginal people have faced tough times as far as their health and well-being is concerned. The Australian administrations have tried their best to change the situation but the transformation has been rather slow. I believe if community organized health services are established in Aboriginal and Torres Strait neighborhoods, then the people would be able to access holistic, broad as well as culturally fitting health care services that are unique to Aboriginal and Torres Strait islanders. As far as interacting with Aboriginal and Torres Strait islanders is concerned, I would encourage communication, excise cultural safety and encourage self-determination so as to ensure that I provide a holistic treatment to an individual. The health strategy would help close the gap by motivating community members to join the medical profession, lowering the cost of health care as well as ensuring access to culturally fitting health care service. References Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Male Health And Wellbeing Reference Committee, Adams, M. (2004).A national framework for improving the health and wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander males. Canberra, [Office for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health]. Australia, Australian Health Ministers' Advisory Council, National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Council (Australia). (2004).Social and emotional well being framework: a national strategic framework for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples' mental health and social and emotional well-being : 2004-2009. Canberra, Dept. of Health and Ageing. https://www.health.gov.au/internet/wcms/publishing.nsf/Content/F25CB4CC136ECC2DCA257052 Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2011).Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander wellbeing: a focus on children and youth. ABS Web Site. Canberra, Australian Bureau of Statistics. Australian Institute Of Health and Welfare. (2009).Measuring the social and emotional wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Canberra, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Closing the Gap Clearinghouse (Australia), Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Australian Institute of Family Studies. (2013).Strategies and practices for promoting the social and emotional wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. [Canberra, A.C.T.], [Closing the Gap Clearinghouse]. Dudgeon, P., Walker, R., Scrine, C., Shepherd, C., Calma, T., Ring, I. (2014).Effective strategies to strengthen the mental health and wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. [Canberra, A.C.T.], [Closing the Gap Clearinghouse]. https://www.aihw.gov.au/uploadedFiles/ClosingTheGap/Content/Our_publications/2014/ctgc_ip12 Healey, J. (2014).Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health. Purdie, N., Dudgeon, P., Walker, R. (2010).Working together: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mental health and wellbeing principles and practice. Canberra, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Queensland Health. (2012).Review of evidence: the health and wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander young people in Queensland. Brisbane, Qld, Queensland Health. South Australian Aboriginal Health Partnership. (2004).Aboriginal health: everybody's business : regional resource package : a South Australian strategies for Aboriginal Torres Strait Islander people 2005-2010. [Adelaide], South Australian Aboriginal Health Partnership.

Using scenes from the play Romeo and Juliet Essay Example

Using scenes from the play Romeo and Juliet Essay Using scenes from the play Romeo and Juliet, show how Shakespeares use of language and his knowledge of stagecraft, maintains the audiences interest.Most of the play takes place, as the chorus explains, in fair Verona-an attractive little city in the north of Italy. The action moves quickly to the hall of Old Capulets house, to the orchard below Juliets balcony, to Friar Lawrences lonely cell, and finally to the vault where the ancestors of the Capulets are entombed. The Elizabethan stage had no curtains, and of course the theatre sold no programmes, so the characters themselves tell us where they are; they even indicate the time of day. The play starts on a Sunday morning in the middle of July; less then five days later-just before the dawn on the following Thursday-it is all over.The theatres could hold several thousand people; most standing in the open pit before the stage, though rich nobles could watch the play from a chair set on the side of the stage itself. Theatre performanc es were held in the afternoon, because, of course, there was no artificial lighting. Women attended plays, though often the prosperous woman would wear a mask to disguise her identity. Further more, no women performed in the plays. Female roles were generally performed by young boys. Shakespeare had once been an actor himself, so he knew how the audience would react and this helped him to write plays that gave the audience what they wanted.Shakespeare was fascinated by language and its techniques. He especially favoured repetition and the way it could be used to increase tension during the play and give depth to characters.Marry, that marry is the very themeHow stand your dispositions to be married?(Act 1 sc 3 lines 63-70)Important characters mainly spoke in blank verse, when they spoke in prose it was a mark of informality. Minor characters generally spoke in prose to distinguish them from the lead roles and lower social status.what a change is here!didst love so dear,love then lie sin their eyes.(Act 2 sc 3 lines 65-80)The play is full of words with double meanings. A pun is a word with the same sound but a different meaning. Mercutios puns often have a sexual undertone. In Act 3 scene 1, Mercutio gets fatally wounded, but he protests that it is just a scratch. He is fooling around and no-one realises how serious his injury is. Eventually, when asked, he says that if they call on him the next day, they will find him a grave man. Shakespeare here is playing with the double meaning of the word grave. Mercutio will be grave (serious at last), but he will also be grave (dead).I am not I, if there be such an ay,Or those eyes be shut, that makes the answer ay.If he be slain, say ay, or if not, no:Brief sounds determine m y weal or woe.(Act 3 sc 2 lines 48-51)Juliets speech to her mother has a double meaning. Her mother believes she is talking about her cousins death, but actually Juliet speaks of her loss of Romeo.Yet let me weep for such a feeling loss.(Act 3 sc 5 line 74)Some of the speech in the play, Friar Lawrences for example, is simple and direct. He is a religious man, and the simple speech shows the audience that he isnt pretentious. This helps to keep the audience knowledgeable about the play instead of having to guess what is going on, it also helps them to enjoy it more and keeps it interesting.Be plain, good son, and homely in they drift,Riddling confessions finds but riddling shrift.(Act 2 sc 3 lines 55-56)Malapropisms were used on several occasions to create humour. A malapropism is the unintentional use of a wrong word by a character. Shakespeare wrote in the misuse of a word through confusion with other words that sound similar, especially when the effect is ridiculous, as a way to lighten the mood. In act 2 scene 4 Romeo is talking about Mercutio being a goose, a foolish fellow. But Mercutio takes it to mean a goose the animal and starts talking about Romeos wit being like the traditional sauce for roast goose.Romeo:Nay, goo d goose, bite not.Mercutio: Thy wit is very bitter sweeting, it is a most sharp sauce.(Act 2 sc 4 lines 66-79)Oxymoron describes two contradictory words being brought together to form a new meaning. Many of these were used in the play, adding interest to speech and knowing what the audience in that time would like.O brawling love, O loving hate,O any thing of nothing first create!O heavy lightness, serious vanity,Misshapen chaos of well-seeming forms,Feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, sick health,Still waking sleep, that is not what it is!(Act 1 sc 1 lines 170-174)Metaphors and similes were used throughout the play. Mercutio uses them to describe his death after fighting with Tybalt, Romeo uses metaphors when he speaks about Juliet when he sees her at the party, and an extended metaphor is used when Capulet notices Juliets tears. Metaphors and similes create imagery.not so deep as a well, nor so wide as a church door(Act 3 sc 1 lines 92-93)a snowy dove trooping with crows,(Ac t 1 sc 5 lines 43-47)It rains downright.How now, a conduit, girl?thy eyes, which I may call the sea,salt floodtempest-tossed body(Act 3 sc 5 lines 26-38)A soliloquy allows the audience to know what the character is thinking and build up their understanding of the plot. This allowed the audience to know something that at least one of the characters does not, this is called dramatic irony. Such as when Juliet speaks of her love for Romeo to the night after the party, she does not know Romeo is listening.Or if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love,And I will no longer be a Capulet.(Act 2 sc 2 lines 32-50)Following a quite intimate scene between Romeo and his friends on the way to the masquerade is the Capulets party, a contrast between a quiet, dark and informal scene with bustling servants, music and dancing. At the beginning of the scene servants are rushing about the stage carrying empty dishes and used plates to show that the eating is over and the masquerade is about to begin. Danci ng starts and the stage is full of life. Old Capulet welcomes the guests happily and reminisces about the masquerades he took part in when he was young. There is another deliberate contrast between the public party and Capulets private meeting, to break up the scene and allow some actors to take a breather.Romeo meets Juliet at the party, after falling instantly in love with her he discovers she is a Capulet. We must imagine they are apart from each other on the stage, but alone together in spirit, already showing the audience their connection. Romeo and Juliet use a lot of religious imagery in their sonnet. The fourteen lines of speech between them are a sonnet, popular in the sixteenth century and was considered the proper medium for love poetry. Shakespeare used religious imagery because everyone could relate to it and it is something that everyone would do in their everyday lives.[To Juliet] If I profane with my unworthiest handThis holy shrine, the gentle sin is this,My lips, t wo blushing pilgrims, ready standTo smooth that rough touch with a gentle kiss.(Act 1 sc 5 lines 92-109)Shakespeare chose to make this interaction between the characters a sonnet, as this was thought of as the proper medium for love poetry. The form is used to isolate the characters from the society in which they live. Although, after Romeo kisses Juliet, is seems they will start another sonnet but are interrupted by the Nurse, who brings them back to the real world and they must understand what has happened to them. This particular part in the play made me feel as if they were always meant to be together, it was just a matter of finding each other. Theyre caught in a trap of the way they live, their families are enemies and no one would let them be together.Capulet is presented as a jovial host and a happy, content man. Other characters seem like they have no cares in the world and are having a good time at the masquerade. The problems between the families are forgotten, apart from Tybalt noticing Romeo is at the party, but Capulet restrains him from doing anything, and instead wants to enjoy the party. This introduces the character of Capulet as a nice man. The Nurse seems supportive of them, telling Romeo who Juliet is and vice versa, she warns them about what might happen and why they should be cautious too.Romeo and Juliet stay in their own little world together, where they can forget the trouble between their families and not let it affect them and their plans together. They will again meet later that same night. This intense love duet scene between Romeo and Juliet is followed by the chorus, giving the actor playing Romeo a break from leading the character to a terrifying appreciation of the dangers of Romeos position. The fourteen lines of sonnet by the chorus allow the actor to regain his breath and move around backstage.Later on in the play, after the solemn interview between the Friar and Romeo, the mood and scene of the play change completely. In t he city square Romeos two friends, Benvolio and Mercutio, are fresh and full of energy. When Romeo joins them he is still in his costume, Mercutio jokes about this-Signior Romeo, bon jour! theres a French salutation to your French slop.(Act 2 sc 4 line 43-44)While Romeo was away, the two young men had been discussing Capulets nephew Tybalt. It seems that old Capulets restraint hasnt lasted long, and we learn that Tybalt has sent a letter to Romeo challenging him to a duel. Mercutio describes Tybalt and we hear excited humour and imagination. Mercutio laughs at Tybalt and his affections-his correct fencing technique, his accent, and his fondness for using the most recent slang terms. Although, Mercutio has respect for Tybalt-More than Prince of Cats. O, hes the courageouscaptain of compliments: he fights as you sing pricksong,keeps time, distance, and proportion(Act 2 sc 4 lines 19-26)Romeo joins is friends and all three engage in witty chatter and verbal fighting in the best of frie ndly relationships.Mercutio: Nay I am the very pink of courtesyRomeo: Pink for flower.Mercutio:Right.Romeo: Why then is my pump well flowered?(Act 2 sc 4 lines 36-91)In the height of the humour, Juliets Nurse appears. Being a rather large lady and dressed in flowing clothes, Romeo pretends she is a boat.Romeo: A sail, a sail!(Act 2 sc 4 line 92)Mercutio delivers more sexual innuendoes in some punned word play-Tis no less, I tell ye, for the bawdy hand of the dial is now upon the prick of noon.(Act 2 sc 4 lines 101-102)The Nurse, acting as though she is shocked by the bawdy jokes but really enjoying them delivers Juliets message in her rambling prose. Since the audience already knows what the message is we can concentrate on the humour in her speech. Action is now moving very fast and it is twelve noon on Monday.The characters seem on a natural high from the night before, everyone is joking and playing with their words. Although the Nurse tries to keep her lady-like manor, she finds it hard and succumbs to the bawdy jokes of Romeo, Mercutio and Benvolio. She acts like a mother to Juliet and tells Romeo she wants the best for her and wants nothing bad to come to her.From some of the speech in this scene it makes it seem as though the younger generations of the two families in this feud dont really know why they are fighting but they have been brought up to fight each other and they will continue whilst still having respect for on another. After the Nurse talks to Mercutio and Benvolio, Romeo tells her the jokes they were saying were nothing but jokes, Peter stands up for the Nurse and warns anyone that he will be there for her if anyone says anything out of line. Although, Peters words have a slight bawdy twist, making them seem more of a friendly warning than a serious threat.Peter: I saw no man use you at his pleaure;and the law on my side.(Act 2 sc 4 lines 143-146)The scene takes place in a very open public place in the sunshine, after a private, dark cell of the friar. It livens the audience up and helps maintain interest in the play.In the final and most emotional scene Shakespeare shows how deep the love Romeo and Juliet share really is. When Romeo arrives at the Capulet tomb, there is a visitor-the County Paris, who had vowed to bring flowers and scented water to the grave every night. His ritual is interrupted by the arrival of Romeo, who proceeds to force open the tomb where he expects to find his dead wifes body.Romeo is no longer the dreamy love struck teenager we met at the beginning of the play. Instead he describes himself as-a desprate man(Act 5 sc 3 line 59)and when Paris ignores his gentle warning, he fights with a serious determination which is completely different from the rough assaults of the servants, Act 1 sc 1, and the elegant sword play of the young noblemen, Act 3 sc 1. Romeo intends to kill Paris without ceremony and delay.Romeo has no regrets after he has killed Paris, but he feels pity for the-Good gentle youth (Act 5 sc 3 line 59)He is preparing to lay Paris, tenderly, in the tomb, when he sees Juliets face. Although he is prepared for death, he in fact sees life-..beautys ensign yetIs crimson in thy lips and in thy cheeks,And deaths pale flag is not advanced there.(Act 5 sc 3 lines 94-96)The audience knows that he is not deceived, and the tension and suspense is great. Juliet might wake up in time, and they might still be together.The hope is in vain, of course. Romeo drinks his poison moments before Juliet awakens and the friar stumbles in from the graveyard. Juliet wakes, and is for a second disorientated, but as soon as she sees Romeo lying cold and still, she acts. She quickly kisses his lips for the slightest trace of poison there to kill herself and be with him. If she can not be with her love in life, then they will be together in death. She takes Romeos dagger from his belt and plunges it into her chest.O happy dagger,This is thy sheath(Act 5 sc 3 lines 169-170)Once again the cit izens of Verona are drawn to the scene, and Prince Escales appears among them. Friar Lawrence provides the narrative and freely confesses his part in the tragedy, and offers himself up for punishment. Capulet and Montague join hands for the first time in centuries; they have paid a high price for their new friendship, and there is not much more to be said.A glooming peace this morning with it brings,The sun for sorrow will not show his head.Go hence to have more talk of these sad things;Some shall be pardond, and some punished;For never was a story or more woeThan this of Juliet and her Romeo.(Act 5 sc 3 lines 305-310)This last speech is also a sonnet, with rhyming ababcc.All of the characters come together for the death of Romeo and Juliet, and all feel somewhat responsible for their deaths.The way Shakespeare wrote that Romeo should die moments before Juliet acts as fate for the couple. If only h had held on a little longer they could have been together. The audience would have be en on the edge of their seats to see if the lovers did indeed get to spend the rest of their lives together, but sadly not.I think that Shakespeares use of language and some of the techniques he used enables you to feel the play and its meaning. It teaches you to forget petty problems because of the affect they might be taking on other people, maybe some relevance to how people lead their lives now and in Elizabethan times. Some of the things the characters say might appear to be a bit obvious, for example, the County Paris exclaiming that he is slain after Romeo kills him, but this is to ensure that the audience knows what is happening in the absence of props. I personally liked this play. I liked seeing how the play can be read in a cultural context in order to find out more about traditions and every day life in Italy at that time.Throughout the play there is suspense and questions. There is tension created and contrast between scenes. This keeps the audience interested, for inst ance, after a close, personal and quiet scene, there would be a loud, happy humorous scene. This keeps the play moving and doesnt allow anything to become mundane. Everything is fast paced, rarely would so much happen in the space of a week. But it is a play, and the audience would loose interest if things happened on a natural time span.Shakespeare used stage craft and many language techniques ingeniously throughout the entire play thus creating one of his most famous works that will stand the test of time.