Marketing and Promotion Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing and Promotion - Research Proposal Example One of the most common used of promoting the products is the use of different celebrities to endorse the product. Identify the specific advantages and disadvantages of using celebrities as part of the advertising program - this can be obtained though in-depth research on the different industries using specific styles of media advertising through celebrity endorsements On the other hand, a series of interviews with some media advertisers will also be conducted so as to have a better idea on why celebrities are used in endorsing a certain product and how the consumers react to such form of media advertising. Results and discussion of the study will be obtained by analyzing the results of the interview conducted and correlating it with the research. Mean, mode and percentage will be obtained in getting the best possible results. These will then be tabled and graphed for easy presentation of data. More so, there will be a analytical analysis of the information that will be gathered from the interview. A part of the result and discussion will then be limited to what the interviewees will reveal. This will be considered as the only limitation oft his research paper. CRITICAL PATH Reference: Bhattacharyya A., (2005) "Advertising in Specialized Markets: Example from the U.S. Pharmaceutical Industry," Boston College working Paper No.610, http://fmwww.bc.edu/ec.p/wp610.pdf, Brown, Alex. (1996). "BUAD 301, Introduction to Marketing" Butters Gerard R., (Oct.,1977) "Equilibrium Distributions of Sales and Advertising Prices," The Review of Economic Studies Vol. 44 No.3: pp.465-491 Grossman G.M. and Shapiro C., (1984) "Informative Advertising with Differentiated Products," Review of Economic Studies Vol.5 No.1,: pp. 63-81 Haller H and Chakraborti S., (2002) "An Analysis of Advertising Wars," http://www.econ.ku.dk/CIE/Discussion%20Papers/2002/pdf/Haller%2003.pdf Kaldor Nicholas, (1950) "The Economic Aspects of Advertising," Review of Economic Studies Vol. 18: pp. 1-27 Manski C.F., (1993) "Identification of Endogenous Social Effects: The Reflection Problem," Review of Economic Studies Vol.60 No.3,: pp. 531-542 Rubin P. H., Schrag J. L., (1999) "Mitigating Agency Problems by Advertising, with Special Reference to Managed Health Care," Southern Economic Journal Vol. 66, No.1,: pp. 39-60 Stigler George J., (June 1961) "The Economics of Information," Journal of Political Economy Vol. 69 No.3: pp. 213-225 Tessler L.G., (1964) "Advertising and Competition," Journal of

How Lady Macbeth(TM)s language reveals changes in her role and mental condition Essay Example for Free

How Lady Macbeth(TM)s language reveals changes in her role and mental condition Essay Q: By close reference to the text, show how Lady Macbeths language reveals changes in her role and mental condition. In William Shakespeares Macbeth, the language of Lady Macbeth clearly reflects changes in her role and mental condition throughout the play. At the beginning, Lady Macbeths language is confident and controlled. However, by Act 5 Scene 1, she has undergone a complete transformation of character and is in a pitiful, pathetic condition. Shakespeare uses a variety of literary techniques such as iambic pentameter (or the lack of it), rhetorical devices, powerful imagery and varied sentence lengths to reveal Lady Macbeths disposition at different stages in the play. During Act 1, Lady Macbeths character is imposing and authoritative. This can clearly be seen by analysing her language and speech patterns. Shakespeare highlights the determination and control of her speech through the use of iambic pentameter. Iambic pentameter is a poetic device, wherein each line has 10 syllables with the emphasis on each even syllable. It is used to create a rhythmic quality and to reflect ordinary speech patterns. In addition, iambic pentameter is also a technique of indicating the control and dignity of a character. In the early part of the play, nearly all of Lady Macbeths lines are written in strict iambic pentameter. The lines: (He thats coming) Must be provided for, and you shall put This nights great business into my dispatch, Which shall to all our nights and days to come Give solely sovereign sway and masterdom.1 illustrate the fact that Lady Macbeth is a cunning, shrewd woman, who is in complete control of her mind. The iambic pentameter, coupled with what she actually says, establishes the fact that she is strong and capable character. Shakespeare leads the readers to come to the conclusion that she has the dominant role in the relationship, as she gracefully takes charge of all the decision-making. This is borne out by the content of the lines as well as the sophisticated vocabulary used. These distinctive character traits of Lady Macbeth may well have been inspired by Shakespeares contemporary Queen Elizabeth I, who was also a very commanding and influential entity. Shakespeare also makes use of rhetorical devices to establish Lady Macbeths domineering personality. Rhetorical questions, in particular, are heavily used. These are a speech technique used to persuade someone and sway their mentality. In Act 1 Scene 7, Lady Macbeth uses a ton of rhetorical questions to convince Macbeth to commit the regicide of Duncan. Questions such as: Was the hope drunk/ Wherein you dressed yourself?2, Art thou afeard / To be the same in act and valour / As thou art in desire?3, and What cannot you and I perform upon / Thunguarded Duncan?4 are used to incite Macbeth and make him feel guilty. She is overly vituperative and malicious; accusing him of cowardice by saying things like hes not a man, or that he doesnt truly love her because he isnt keeping his promise to her. The result is that she successfully manipulates Macbeth into doing something that she wants. This confirms the fact that she is an intelligent, influential woman. Another literary device that shows Lady Macbeths evil persona is the strong imagery used in her speech. Imagery is a technique used in literature to make the reader visualise a picture in their minds. The lines: look like thinnocent flower/ But be the serpent undert5 creates a distinct image of trickery and deceit, and gives a clear reflection of Lady Macbeths character. Another piece of effective imagery is the lines: I have given suck and know How tender tis to love the babe that milks me: I would, while it was smiling in my face, Have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums And dashed the brains out, had I so sworn.6 The above lines form a rather disturbing image in our minds, and give us a terrifying indication of Lady Macbeths mental strength. It highlights the malevolence that is inherent in her personality, in addition to her determination and her willingness to make sacrifices. However, the nature of such a statement does provoke one to think seriously about Lady Macbeths sanity. No person in their right mind would kill a child with the brutality that was described, especially not the childs own mother. The lines shown above are one of many subtle hints of flaws in Lady Macbeths character which Shakespeare intelligently incorporates. These serve as inklings towards the total collapse in her character and mental state that is about to follow. In Act 3 Scene 4, the rapid decline of Lady Macbeth begins to take shape. In contrast to the early scenes of the play, her sentences become very short and she seems emotionally exhausted. Earlier, she would make long, influential speeches, which boasted of control and supremacy. This is not the case any more, although she does regain some composure by continuing to speak in iambic pentameter. She is now content to let Macbeth do the bulk of the talking. This indicates a reversal of roles where Lady Macbeth is no longer the dominant partner in the relationship. She is excluded from decision-making, as shown by Macbeths killing of Banquo without even bothering to consult his dearest partner of greatness.7 This scene is quite a significant one, as it marks the turning point of the deterioration in Lady Macbeths role and mental state. By Act 5 Scene 1, the language of Lady Macbeth has completely disintegrated. She is ridden with guilt and remorse, and this clearly affects her conscience immensely. Her psychological weakness at this point is illustrated by the use of prose, as opposed to iambic pentameter. This implies that Lady Macbeth has thoroughly lost all control and power which was typical of her in the first few scenes of the play. Her speech, which now mainly consists of incoherent phrases like: Out, damned spot! Out I say! One, two. Why then tis time to dot. Hell is murky8, lacks the equanimity that she possessed in Act 1. She also uses a lot of imperatives and exclamations like O, O, O,9 which show that she is uneasy and deeply distressed. She dwells over the murders committed by herself and Macbeth, making it obvious that these incidents have been haunting her and causing her much disquiet. All the stress that had been bottled up in her mind is released while she is sleepwalking, and by the end of the scene, she is in a dismal condition, muttering a whole lot of useless drivel. It is no surprise that she later decides to do away with herself, as her body and mind have both crumbled to bits. Lady Macbeths language visibly reflects her role and mental state at different parts of the play. At the start, she is shown to be powerful and domineering which is demonstrated by uses of iambic pentameter, rhetorical devices and strong imagery. She undergoes a steady deterioration and by the end, she is weak and depleted, as reflected by the breakdown of her language. The stark contrast between her mental state at the start and end of the play is clearly demonstrated by comparing two sentences spoken by her at these times: A little water clears us of this deed10 when her hands are covered in blood after the killing of King Duncan, and Here is the smell of blood still, all the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this hand11 while she is sleepwalking. The remarkable fall from grace of Lady Macbeth is wonderfully presented by Shakespeare, and plays a big part in the play as whole. Since it was Lady Macbeths ideas and persuasive techniques which led Macbeth to the throne, and set the foundations of his reign; her weakening, and subsequent death, is one of many indicators of Macbeths imminent downfall. Shakespeares use of various literary devices was excellent, and he is able to successfully draw attention to the decline of Lady Macbeth, and its overall significance. 1 Act 1 Scene 5 lines 64-68 2 Act 1 Scene 7 lines 35-36 3 Act 1 Scene 7 lines 39-41 4 Act 1 Scene 7 lines 69-70 5 Act 1 Scene 5 lines 63-64 6 Act 1 Scene 7 lines 54-59 7 Act 1 Scene 5 lines 9-10 8 Act 5 Scene 1 lines 30-31 9 Act 5 Scene 1 line 43 10 Act 2 Scene 2 line 70 11 Act 5 Scene 1 lines 42-43

Ion Channels Affected by LSD :: Hallucinogens Drugs Essays

Ion Channels Affected by LSD Research with LSD has been very limited by two major factors: lack of human subjects and laws against it as a controlled substance. These deterrents have caused a big hole in what can be discovered about this hallucinogen at the ion channels it affects and in turn those effects on inhibitory and excitatory potentials of the cell. It was difficult to obtain clear explanations about exactly what was going on at the neuron level. Later it was discovered that most experiments were carried out on rodents. This may not sound like it is such a bad thing because human subjects were not being put in positions where their health could be affected by the drug, but in fact there is a slight difference in rodent and human brains. LSD affects a serotonergic receptor type 2A (5- HT2A), which is different in rats to humans in its structure and activity, and behavior "may not strictly parallel those in humans" (Nichols, 2004). This could cause researches to get different results in what they would see in experimental rats and to what may actually be happening in humans. Another deterrent that has somewhat slowed down the process of understanding LSD at the neuron level is the law. LSD is scheduled as a controlled substance; Schedule I, to be exact, which means that it is illegal to posses, sell, or buy without a DEA license. You can imagine what would happen if a researcher was caught with a substantial amount of LSD, and possibly the difficulty in obtaining a license that will allow someone to posses a powerful illegal substance. These things are exactly what will repel researchers from using such a substance. The only almost certain aspect of LSD is that it has a similar chemical composition as serotonin (5-HT) and will especially act on 5-HT2 receptors. However, LSD is the only known hallucinogen to bind to dopamine receptors. It will activate postsynaptic dopamine receptors if the dose is high enough to do so. LSD also binds to alpha-adrenergic and beta-adrenergic receptors that are involved sympathetic nervous system control of smooth muscles. It is also a competitive antagonist at histamine receptors and will produce inhibitory messages. LSD also acts mysteriously on the visual cortex. At low doses, LSD will stimulate the visual cortex and higher doses will inhibit this area. LSD research has flipped it from being an antagonist to an

Chicken Bones and Malunggay Stalks as Plant Growth Enhancer

Agriculture is one of the vital movers of a country’s economy. In the Philippines, almost one third of the total land area of 29.187 million hectares is under intensive cultivation. There is a high potential of generating labor and livelihood and agricultural products and by-products processing and intensification and diversification of agricultural product systems. These potentials however, are being hindered due to lack of appropriate agricultural strategies.Chicken Bones and Malunggay (Moringa oleifera) Stalks as Plant Growth Enhancer aims to integrate new approaches of enhancing the growth of the plant by utilizing the chicken bones and malunggay plants. In line with the aforementioned discussion, the study aims to know the potential of chicken bones and malunggay stalks as plant growth enhancer and compare the quality of the experimental plant growth enhancer to that commercialized product in the industry. Specifically, the study aims to answer the questions:1. Is there a significant difference among the growth of the plant (plant length, leaf area, number of leaves) treated with different concentrations of experimental plant growth enhancer and the commercial plant growth enhancer?2.  Is there a significant difference among the growth of the plant (plant length, leaf area, number of leaves) treated with different concentrations of experimental plant growth enhancer and the vermiculture?3.  What plant growth enhancer yielded the best result?4.  What is the correct formulation of the plant growth enhancer (combination of chicken bones and malunggay stalks) that yields the best result on the growth of the plant?3.2 FindingsAfter the researchers have gathered, calculated and interpreted the data the following information has been found out:1. For treatment 1 (100% malunggay stalks), there is no significant difference in the leaf area, number of leaves and shoot length when compared with treatment 8 (vermiculture). This holds true to shoot length and number of leaves computations when compared with T7. While there is significant difference found in the leaf area when compared with T7.2. For treatment 2 (100% chicken bones), there is no significant difference in leaf area, number of leaves and shoot length when compared to both T7 and T8.3. For treatment 3 (75% chicken bones- 25% malunggay stalks), no significant difference is found in leaf area, shoot length and number of leaves when compared with T7. This holds true to number of leaves computation when compared with T8. While a significant difference is found in leaf area and shoot length when compared with T8.4. For treatment 4 (25% chicken bones- 75% malunggay stalks), there is no significant difference in shoot length and number of leaves compared to both T7 and T8. For the leaf area, a significant difference has been evaluated when compared with T7 while no significant difference has been evaluated when compared with T8.5. For treatment 5 (50% chicken bones- 50% malungg ay stalks), significant difference has been assessed in number of leaves when compared to both T7  and T8, and as well as in the shoot length when compared with T8. For the leaf area, no significant difference has been assessed when compared to both T7 and T8.6. For treatment 6 (no treatment), significant difference has been evaluated in leaf area, shoot length and number of leaves, when compared with T8, while no significant difference has been computed in the said factors when compared with T7.7. For treatment 7 (commercial plant growth enhancer), significant difference has been evaluated in leaf area while no significant difference has been computed in shoot length and number of leaves when compared with T8.8. For the plant location, both shoot length and number of leaves showed a significant difference when the two locations were compared with each other. On the other hand, the leaf area of both locations did not show significant difference in number.There is no statistical ev idence to prove that there is a significant difference in the leaf area, shoot length and number of leaves among the different formulations of the experimental plant growth enhancer.3.3 ConclusionsChicken bones and malunggay stalks have the potential to be analternative plant growth enhancer. Considering the minimal acquisition cost of the materials and the comparative performance it has showed for the leaf area, shoot length, and the number of leaves in relation to the commercially available one and the vermiculture, a latent source of the plant growth enhancer can be the leftover portions from chicken and malunggay and may serve as an alternative for the customary sources of plant growth enhancer, which currently spring from inorganic matter.The concentration of the experimental plant growth enhancer does not affect the performance in the leaf area, shoot length and number of leaves. The concentrations then do not generally influence on the growth performance. For economic reasons , one can use the greater concentration of malunggay stalks without sacrificing the  quality of the plant growth enhancer. Concurrently, this study will significantly help in the research of finding better agricultural strategies for the intensification and diversification of agricultural product systems and at the same time provide alternatives in attaining a sustainable environment.3.4 Recommendations Primary RecommendationsThe researchers recommend further studies on the efficacy of chicken bones and malunggay stalks as plant growth enhancer. As both the main materials are lavishly available in the country and are usually considered waste, an achievable amount of plant growth enhancer can be realized. The researchers recommend using the greater concentration of malunggay stalks (T4 and T1) if the individual is considering the leaf area, shoot length, and number of leaves, as it saves more resources and brings close results from the traditional plant growth enhancer (vermicultur e).Secondary RecommendationsFor the conduct of the experimentation, an accessible, conducive garden should be considered in order to easily carry out regular monitoring on the growth of the plants. Other interested researchers can also invest on other plants that can be easily grown and is receptive to the environment. Using the chicken bones from uncooked chicken can also be done so as to increase the chance of getting higher calcium and phosphorus level from the source.Since the researchers are limited with the resources, only two replicates (plot 1 and plot 2) were administered, thus adding plants to be used for the experiment is recommended so as to increase the probability of detecting a significant difference between two treatments and as well as to increase the confidence level of the results. For the analysis of the data, test on the secondary macronutrient group (Calcium, Magnesium and Sulfur) can be done so as to widen the range of the macronutrients to be studied on.

Ethical Theories Chart Essay

Complete the chart below using information from the weekly readings and additional research if necessary. Include APA formatted in-text citations when applicable and list all references at the bottom of the page. Ethical Theory Utilitarianism Deontological Virtue ethics Definition â€Å"A system of ethics according to which the rightness or wrongness of an action should be judged by its consequences. The goal of utilitarian ethics is to promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number† (â€Å"Define Utilitarianism,† 2005). Utilitarianism is making a decision that benefits the most amount of people/society. Deontological means duty, honesty, promise keeping, and fairness no matter what the consequences are (Trevino & Nelson, 2011). â€Å"Virtue Ethics is a classification within Normative Ethics that attempts to discover and classify what might be deemed of moral character, and to apply the moral character as a base for one’s choices and actions.† (Gowdy, 2011). Ethical thinker associated with theoryThe ethical thinker/thinkers associated with utilitarianism are Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. Emmanuel Kant (Trevino & Nelson, 2011).Aristotle (Trevino & Nelson, 2011). Decision-making processThe decision making process is to Identify all of the possible stakeholders and what would be the consequences the  harms and benefits. Make a list of pro’s and con’s and the best ethical decision is one that is of the greater good for the most amount of people. The decision making process is figuring out what values and or obligations are important to you, and base your decision on what is right not what is best (Trevino & Nelson, 2011).The goal here is to be a good person because that is the type of person you wish to be and keep moral values or virtues in any action or decision. (Trevino & Nelson, 2011). Workplace exampleA few employees inform their boss that they do not feel comfortable working with a co-worker who was blamed for talking about confidential information, and the manager decided to terminate that employee’s employment. A workplace example would be telling your boss the truth even though you might get a fellow co-worker in trouble. If we see a person being sexually harassed on the job it is our moral responsibility to help them and follow through with our decision. This is a virtuous action. Reference: Define Utilitarianism. (2005). In New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy. Retrieved from http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/utilitarianism Growdy, L. (2011). Virtue Ethics. Retrieved from http://www.ethicsmorals.com/ethicsvirtue.html Trevino, L., & Nelson, K. (2011). Managing business ethics: Straight talk about how to do it right (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Utilitarianism. (n.d). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utilitarianism