Postquick Parcels Essay Example

Postquick Parcels Essay Access additionally has its points of interest and detriments, which need to weigh facing Excels preferences and inconveniences to concoct the correct decision of programming. Access points of interest include: - * Access can perform progressed queries.* Access can make structures to embed data.* Access is very client friendly.* In Access you can have macros to go among structures and queries.* Access has heaps of offices which help to improve the appearance these incorporate Word Art, Paint, text and line fill, Spell check, Clip workmanship, Importing pictures* Access is definitely not a level document database so you can likewise make connections between tables of data.* It has an inquiry language, which implies it can perform progressed searches.* You can shroud certain structures out of view.* You can put a secret word on the framework to forestall individuals altering it.* There are composing instruments including spelling and accentuation apparatuses available.* Access can have social tables, which are connected together. This maintains a strategic distance from redundancy in entering in information as beyond what one division of the framework can share the slightest bit of data.Access has inconveniences just as points of interest these include: - * Access is more complex than Excel and is in this manner harder to use for a novice.* Access is utilized by proficient framework fashioners who plan frameworks for end clients. This implies the framework must be amazing and itemized. Anyway it is progressively confounded for a non-master to use.High Level Language Such as PascalI have chosen not to utilize a significant level language, as I don't have the vital information to deliver a framework written in an elevated level language, for example, Pascal.Advantages* It can be altered to suit the companys needs.Disadvantages* Developer doesn't have adequate enough knowledge.* I would set aside a long effort to code a few territories where as in Access they are ef fortlessly done in tables.Evaluation of conceivable programming solutionsI have chosen to prescribe the utilization of Access to the customers as being most reasonable in light of the fact that it appears to offer more offices and highlights, which will help me in planning a program for the Postquick Parcels, clients.Access is more usable than both Excel and Pascal and the end clients will discover the framework simpler to use as the framework will spare time by removing tedious errands and will give them snappy access to the data they need. A framework structured is Access should give a very easy to understand interface and will work in the manner the customers need in to. Access is a fast database and rushes to open records and change to new pages. Access will truly give an answer for the customers needs, as it is a various program, which can be utilized from numerous points of view. Another excellent thing about Access is that it will be extremely simple to update, present new ca pacities and make alterations as and when they are necessary.The framework should take around 4 months to finish and has the proposed conveyance date of the 30th of April. It will come total with an advancement report, a framework guide and subtleties on the testing completed.DATA REQUIREMENTSThere are numerous information necessities for the new database framework these incorporate the following:* Data on the various costs, which rely upon the different, weight categories.* Data on the package which the client is sending, this will incorporate, bundle ID, width of bundle, length of package, stature of package, absolute measurements, weight and value which will be determined by the computer.* Data on the client, this will incorporate, client ID, clients title, clients last name, clients forename, organizations name which the client originates from just as the business town, postcode, contact number, email address, road and road number.* Data on the bundles goal, which will incorpora te, Destination ID, the beneficiaries organization, address, town, region and postcode.* To really arrange the package the data required is, the request, client, goal, bundle IDs and the date requested and the necessary conveyance date.THE DATA FLOWData Flow DiagramTo assist me with planning a viable and organized database framework I have drawn an information stream outline to show the coherent development of the information through a framework, anyway it doesn't show how the information is stored.There are various degrees of information stream charts, I have drawn a level 1 graph that can likewise be known as a setting chart. An information stream chart has numerous images, which mean explicit things the images I have utilized are: - * External Entities can likewise be known as an information source or goal. In the accompanying chart the Customer is the External Entity.* Processes are tasks performed on the information. In the accompanying outline there are five procedures each na med P1, P2 etc.* Data Stores are intelligent stores for information, which are not physical in the accompanying information, stream table they are marked D1 and D2.There are a wide range of levels of DFDs the DFD beneath is a level 0 and the DFD on the accompanying page is a case of a level 1 DFD.Entity-Relationship diagramsEntity-relationship charts are graphs, which show the connection between elements in a database. Elements are things important to an association about which information is held. So as to have the option to draw an element relationship chart you have to know the degree and the name of the relationship. The level of the relationship will go under one of three categories:1. Coordinated, for example connection among Person and National Insurance number which is novel to each person.2. One - to-many, for example connection among Customer and Parcel Order.3. Many-to-many, connection among Customer and parcel.Below are instances of information elements, which are pertin ent to my system.SYSTEM DESIGNTop Down DesignA top down plan is the strategy of chopping down and disentangling an entangled issue into the significant undertakings which should be finished and afterward chopping down the significant errands into modules. It is for the most part utilized in programming yet the guideline can be utilized to help plan my system.Modular DesignThe framework can be separated into various modules, and these modules would then be able to be attracted a structure chart to show how the modules identify with each other and to shape the entire answer for the issue. On the accompanying page there is a structure chart of the proposed system.System Structure DiagramAlgorithm DesignFinding IDI have concocted a calculation to show how the framework will scan and answer for an ID by the client entering in the business name. The outline shows the progression of activities and could be known as a stream graph. I could make calculations for the entirety of the queries.U SER INTERFACEWhen considering the UI you should consider who the framework is for, what undertakings the framework is performing, and what condition the framework will be in and whether the innovation is feasible.OutputsThere will be two fundamental yields of my framework and all should be easy to understand. These yields are as follows:Consignment Note:The transfer note will be given to the beneficiary by means of the conveyance and should remember a few subtleties for the client sending the package, these will be the clients ID number, title and family name with the goal that the beneficiary knows whom the bundle is from. At that point so the conveyance individual knows where the bundle must go I will remember data for the goal ID, name of beneficiary and their address.The note is fundamentally for the beneficiary and conveyance individual, this implies it wont need to convey especially data. For example it won't have to convey the cost of the package conveyance. The beneficiary w ill require the data on the client sending the package and the conveyance individual needs the data on the destination.The transfer note just needs to have an easy structure indicating the fundamental data and it isn't important to incorporate any shading and pictures. The textual style will be Times New Roman as this is an exceptionally simple to understand text style and will be in size 10 textual style to make it considerably simpler to peruse, on the off chance that it was littler it would be significantly harder to peruse. The goal data will be in bigger textual style and striking with the goal that it will stand apart effectively for the deliveryman. The most significant thing about the transfer note is that it is clear.Query outputs:The aftereffects of my questions could either be shown in a table or in a structure made by a wizard. The introduction of the outcomes would better in a structure this is a direct result of various reasons, which include:* It is simpler to peruse from structures than tables.* Forms show each record in turn, as opposed to every one of them without a moment's delay, as on a rundown, which make it harder to disconnect one specific record.* Forms are better for introduction as they can have pictures on them and you can change the textual style and size.* With tables you can't have catches, where as, you can with forms.Over all structures are better for this sort of framework as they are more easy to use since they look less scary than tables and require less work in the interest of the client as they can have fastens on them to take the client to and from various structures and menus.Each structure will have a title to distinguish it to the client. The structures won't be jumbled and in the event that anything will have a limit of two pictures. This will guarantee that the outcomes are effectively clear and not meddled by pointless mess. The field headings will be written in a reasonable effectively read textual style like Tahom a and in 10 focuses, this will make the data understood and simple to peruse. This is better than text styles, for example, Algerian in textual style 9 which despite the fact that is extravagant, is hard to read.FormsThe reason I have picked frames rather than tables for the framework is clarified above under the title Query Outputs.There are four fundamental structures, which are utilized for entering information about the clients, bundles, goal and requests data. These structures have their own reasonable enormous title saying what the information is about. Each field as above (question yield structures) is in point 10 and in an unmistakable and intelligible textual style, which is, all around characterized and simple to peruse. Additionally the structures will be away from pictures as they are not so much

Blueprints Business Planning Australia †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Examine About The Blueprints Business Planning Australia? Answer: Presentation The essential point of this report is to look at two field-tested strategies of independent ventures situated in Australia, one is Blueprints Business Planning Pty Ltd and the other is Sams Fast food Truck Pty Ltd. Both are little and medium undertaking, that focus on a part in Sydney and different areas around the city(Crumpton, 2012). While Blueprints Planning Pty Ltd targets Sydney alongside other connecting territories from New South Wales, Australia, the different business is restricted to Sydney alone. Both are ownership based organizations that have their proprietors as business full time utilized. The extent of this report examinations showcasing, tasks and fund exercises for both the organizations to such an extent that a suitable correlation can without much of a stretch be accomplished. Crucial Blueprints Business Planning Pty Ltd is to give business arranging help to little and medium scale e organizations. The Company will expect to give fluctuated scope of advices to little scope associations. Crucial Sams Fast food Truck is to give lip-smacking snacks close to office territories of Sydney during their break hours. The Company will give assortment kinds of burgers, sandwiches, milk shakes, fries and different snacks at cost reasonable rates, to such an extent that shoppers make rehashed buy at the food truck. The previous business worker is Jessie Jones alongside four others, the different business utilizes Scarlet Tassel alongside two different representatives. Prior, Jessie Jones had been filling in as an administration specialist and has great a dependable balance on furnishing customers with well-outfitted marketable strategies alongside plausibility investigation. Red Tassel, has past work involvement in different eateries and cheap food slow down, consequently now she intends to expand such ability in making a business and licensing her very own few manifestations. The previous business plans to produce an income of A$100,000 and make incomes worth A$2000, while the different business means to create a yearly income of A$50,000 with benefits adding up to A$1500 in the main year alone. At the point when activities of both the business will be begun then there will be one worker overseeing executive who will deal with all functionalities from home for the previous business. While for the later business, the proprietor cum overseeing executive has just painted his truck and organized it to frame a food truck. The previous business will be altogether self-supported and chief plans to give the fundamental capital as an underlying speculation worth A$10,000. For the food-truck business the chief has just endorsed a bank credit worth A$12,000 for buying fundamental gear for building up the business. Along these lines, the accompanying brief correlations for the business will permit grater bits of knowledge into them. Business objective of the previous business is to utilize a full-time worker with a compensation of A$42,000 yearly. This is a transient objective, though its drawn out objective is to produce a net benefit of A$2000 and set up a counseling firm at Sydney utilizing at least five individuals. For the later business, transient business objective involves setting up the food truck in an appealing office area at Sydney and reimburse the business advance inside one year of activities. While, for long haul the overseeing executive intends to open a little café in Sydney suburb area and beginning with home conveyance frameworks. Before building any kind of strategy it gets pivotal to gather data and information from significant sources(Allen, 2015). For reason for building both the field-tested strategies optional sources just as essential sources were utilized as from Australian Bureau of Statistics, NSW Small Business Advisory Network. Information from essential sources were accumulated by methods for interviews with business ventures in and around Sydney. There were additionally reference drawn from business diaries and magazines just as papers. Outer Industry Analysis Market investigation of Sydney uncovers that there is a prerequisite for the executives and counseling administrations for taking into account little and medium scale organizations. In spite of the fact that the market is serious with various entrenched organizations yet there stays colossal extension un-investigated for little and medium scale enterprises(Holmes, 2016). For food-truck business, there are an enormous number of eatery, providing food administrations and office containers at Sydney. Thus, the market space is incredibly serious for building up a business in food business, yet on the off chance that the proprietor can make a one of a kind flavor, at that point he may have the option to pull in a sizable number of normal clients. Christmas season during December and January makes it an occasional business consistently, aside from these two months. Subsequently the proprietor can devise and make planning for business of making phenomenal administration arrangements during this time. Food business is a lasting through the year business and benefits rise significantly during special seasons. Particularly during December and January, deals from the food tcuk is relied upon to shoot up. There are various overseeing and counseling organizations in and around Sydney however they by and large oblige enormous scope organizations. There are countless rivals in the food business, which contains office bottles, eateries, food-trucks, etc. The administration consultancy can look for key unions from different bookkeeping firms and information assortment offices. The inexpensive food truck should look for vital collusions from providers of crude materials, as meat, bread, etc. Interior Analysis of Company SWOT examination is an exhaustive quality, shortcoming, opportunity and danger investigation. Quality of the executives consultancy is that proprietor has colossal information and thoughts in regards to the business. Shortcoming is low accessibility of assets for growing and setting up an expert business mode. Opportunity from the business is gigantic to grow to take into account huge scope companies. Dangers are from different consultancies offering lower rates and progressively incorporated administrations for the equivalent. Quality of the cheap food truck business is that the greater part of the skill of the business is stretched out by the proprietor cum overseeing executive. The proprietor have utilized own truck to make and convey business technique, shortcoming involves less information with respect to enhanced foods. Be that as it may, there is massive chance to assorted variety into eatery business later on. The administration consultancy will take into account territories in Sydney and urban areas around New South Wales. Target market will include essentially little and medium scale endeavors. Food truck will be situated in key office region in Sydney and can without much of a stretch move. Along these lines, its prime territories will be to take into account office going clients in Sydney. The administration consultancy firm will plan to put its items only for little and medium scale undertakings. The food truck will take into account youthful office goers by giving them savvy items. The executives consultancy will embrace informal publicizing techniques for the most part. It will receive advancements through references. Food truck will have publicizing through customary modes though advancement will be through appropriation of leaflets and flyers in different workplaces. The executives specialist will utilize computerized and web based life type of ICT. While food truck will embrace c onventional methods of ICT. Both the organizations being new businesses will embrace moderate valuing arrangement for the equivalent. The administration consultancy will offer its administrations at cost reasonable rates yet will enter market will skimming valuing systems. The food truck will sell lip smacking nourishments at moderate costs in pack estimating strategies. Promoting for both the organizations should be done broadly, for example, to pull in clients towards the business. The board consultancy will embrace advanced market technique, while food truck will incorporate showcasing through handouts, pamphlets and other customary methods of notice. The administration and consultancy firm should have a fitting authorizing necessity for beginning its business which should be acquired. The food truck business should get exchange permit and sanitation permit before directing its business(Amato, 2016). The executives subtleties for the two associations are not material as exclusively their proprietors are working both at this point. Be that as it may, both the association can grow and will have a reasonable administration structure. At present association structure for both the organizations won't be material at it will be working legitimately under the owners(Chell, 2016). Afterward, the board consultancy will utilize 1 full time staff. Food business will make some full memories staff from the earliest starting point. There will be a legitimate counsel and bookkeeper expert for charge filling and other organization related issues for both the organizations. The executives consultancy proprietor needs to buy an online security for forestalling misfortune or robbery of field-tested strategies created. The food truck business will oblige should have a food tester alongside protection for the truck. The administration consultancy will be working from the home of the proprietor cum overseeing chief. Premises for food truck would incorporate, food truck and home of the proprietor will likewise be required. Gear required to create field-tested strategy will be a PC, switch for interfacing with broadband. There will be requirement for ample utensils for cooking, marinating and serving customers for the food business. Broiler, smokestack and cooler are some other key gear for the business. The board plans will be made and conveyed by the overseeing chief himself. There will be need of a PC and web association for creation of the plan(Audretsch, 2012). The food truck will plan a large portion of the arrangement at home including marinating. In the food truck ,it will simply sear and pack to convey different things. In this manner, creation procedure will be half done at home of the proprietor and half in the food truck itself. The

What Should You Know Before Taking Personal Loan

What Should You Know Before Taking Personal Loan Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!What Should You Know Before Taking Personal LoanUpdated On 20/08/2019Author : Ram kumarTopic : BusinessShort URL : https://hbb.me/30h0hCA CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogA personal loan â€" when do individuals often consider applying? Let me narrow down the question to you as a person â€" when do you consider appropriate to apply for a personal loan? Over time, money lending has become a very attractive business. Do you know the reason behind this trend? The market keeps widening and this makes the venture very profitable. There are various reasons people apply for loans.One of the most outstanding reasons is to finance unexpected costs. It could be a medical emergency or a costly repair. The economic condition is not favorable enough and most consumers have to look for alternative sources of financing their needs. Most of the individuals today live paycheck to payche ck and so without loans, their lives can be rather hard. It is sad to say that many have found themselves in a vicious cycle of debt.What happens when you borrow too much than what you can afford? You begin bothering friends and family members to step in and help keep up with payments. Thought of making payments at certain dates deprives you peace of mind.However, it does have to happen that way for you. In many cases, borrowers find themselves in financial problems because moneylenders take advantage of their ignorance and lack of awareness to profit themselves. In this discussion, we are going to look at the basic things you need to know before taking a personal loan. Let us begin right away.You may have a lot of optionsOne of the major mistakes individuals make when applying for personal loans is restricting their choices to banks. Banks can never be the only choice for you. It is important to keep this in mind if you really want to make wise decisions. In general, credit unions charge lower rates compared to banks when providing the same personal loans to clients. Why? Remember credit unions are non-profit making and their objective is often to better the welfare of members. Also, there are so many other lenders you can borrow from apart from credit unions and banks. Online lenders often approve loan applications within very short periods. Besides, their requirements are not so demanding and so you can easily get approved. While there some challenges associated with borrowing money online, it may be a better choice for you. So do not restrict yourself to banks. Importantly, remember to always compare loans onlinebefore sending applications. Different lenders, including banks, charge different rates for the same personal loan. Your goal should always be getting the most affordable loan.You may pay more interest than expectedLenders are trusting you with their money and its interest rates are just so important to them. But you may have heard of the interest on mortgages advertised to be 4% in media houses or online. Trust me the interest rates on personal loans are often more than that, in most cases more than double that figure. Why? Well, for a simple reason. When signing a mortgage contract, you agree to relinquish the home in case of defaulting and this means you bear a lot of risks. You wouldn’t want to lose your home for whatever reason. The lenders do not bear too many risks as you do and that is why the interest rates are often lower. But things are completely different when you are taking a personal loan. The banks bear a lot of risks and that why they may charge you higher interest, especially for unsecured loans.READThe Best Options When You Lose Your Job During the HolidaysYour credit score is pivotalLenders use a credit score to determine your creditworthiness. Again, the fact that in giving loans involves a lot of risks, lenders want to deal with the most trustworthy lenders out there.in case your credit-worthiness is i n question, you may have problems getting better rates or favorable terms of borrowing. Since there is no collateral for personal loans, a lot of emphasis is put on your credit score. If you have an average score, you may have to pay much higher rates. Your credit score is so important and you really need to work on improving it.Personal loans may not be the best solution for you in the long-termThere is a big contrast between mortgages and personal loans based on the repayment repaid. While the former is repaid over decades, the latter is limited to a maximum of seven years. You do not have to borrow funds for longer than you practical need to, and so this may be a fantastic thing. But what if you intend to finance a major project that requires a lot of funds, such as remodeling your home? The payments can actually be unaffordable or impractical to keep up with if you are taking a personal loan. If this is your reason for borrowing, then consider exploring other alternatives. By do ing so, you will avoid jeopardizing your financial condition.You can consolidate your debtYou can save a lot of money when you consolidate the total debts you owe. In most cases, individuals end up with lower rates compared to what they were having in separate debts. Again, think of the convenience you can have when you opt for debt consolidation. It can be so challenging to deal with different lenders or making many payments each month. With consolidation, you only make one payment.You can benefit a lot when you need urgent cashAs we mentioned at the outset, you may be plagued with an urgent need for cash. Turning to credit cards and payday loans is a very unwise decision because they are often too expensive. And this is one of the reasons why we mentioned at the outset that you may end up suffering. You can get personal loans in less than two weeks of applying.Borrowing money is not bad. Nevertheless, it can turn out to be disastrous if you make poor choices. In this blog, we have discussed some of the basics you need to know before you apply for a personal loan. Take time to think and make the best decision.

ESL Beginner Dialogue - Oregon Weather Forecast

Forecasting the weather means that you are predicting what the weather will be. In English, we generally use the future with will to make a prediction. Practice this weather prediction dialogue and then make your own weather predictions. You can use a weather report on the internet, or make up your weather prediction based on what you know about your city. Teachers can find help on teaching future forms to help students learn the differences between will and going to. The Oregon Weather Forecast Weather Forecaster: Good afternoon and welcome to the weather forecast. Lets take a look at the weather outside now. Whats it like? Well, its currently raining and cloudy in southern Oregon while northern Oregon is cold and clear. The sun is shining, but its rather cold up here in the North! The temperature is currently 45 degrees in the southern Oregon and only 30 degrees in the North. Shall we see what the weather will be like tomorrow? Well, it will be rainy in the morning in southern Oregon and windy in northern Oregon. In the afternoon, The South will see cloudy weather with some rain later in the day. Northern Oregon will also see rain turning to snow and quite windy, with winds coming from the North-East. Thats the weather forecast for this afternoon. Have a good day!

Turning point of the Cold War and JKF Assassination

Turning point of the Cold War and JKF Assassination The assassination of President Kennedy was the turning point in history as many felt he and his family was American royalty, he had the ability to reach Americans through his speeches, as it helped Americans through some stressful times in cold war history, he was a catalyst in allowing Americans to be part of history from the first walk on the moon and the equality of all human rights in the United States. One of his most famous sayings and what rallied so many Americans behind President Kennedy: â€Å"And so my fellow Americans†¦ ask not what your country can do for you†¦ ask what you can do for your country. My fellow citizens of the world†¦ ask not what America†¦show more content†¦It was only a matter of time before mighty US imperialism was humiliatingly forced to withdraw. The Tet Offensive took Americans by surprise, the major objectives had been to drive a wedge between the Americans and the South Vietnamese. The attack on the US embassy was an attempt to show the vulnerability of the American armed forces. The Vietcong had hoped that the Tet Offensive action and the liberation of towns and cities would lead to an uprising against the US their belief was the South Vietnamese soldiers were tired and weary soldiers, dislocated peasantry, fractious youth and widely discontented layers of South Vietnamese society were ready to join the struggle. But unfortunately this was not the case and the Vietcong had sporadic recruitment from this campaign. The Tet Offensive also aided in changing the view and minds of the American people as this was the same time, live televised coverage of the war was a harsh reality to so many Americans which had changed their views on the Vietnam War. President Johnson became increasingly unpopular to the point he had chosen not to seek re-election during the following Presidential campaign. The Tet Offensive was the true turning point for US involvement in the Vietnam War, it was the catalyst for Nixon’s campaign to bring troops back home and pulling out of the war. Bibliography Forrest, S. (n.d.). Tet offensive: a

Case Study Autism 7th Grade - 1066 Words

Task 2 Case Study The first day of student teaching in the first period I observed a child named ‘Kyle.’ Kyle seemed to get out of his seat even after my mentor teacher asked him to sit in his seat. He was at the front of the class very close to where the teacher taught. After a few times of this he growled at the teacher. I could tell that he was different than the typical student because of his constant interruptions. I found out after the class Kyle was autistic and had behavior problems. I also found out he was operating at an age level of 6 to 7 years old. This behavior happened often so all the 7th grade teachers composed a chart for Kyle to reward him for staying on task but didn’t seem to work. Kyle is interested in science,†¦show more content†¦Once I graded Kyle’s note-taking sheet with map, he had all labels on his map. This also made me believe he liked the visual map and being able to see countries, bodies of water, and cities. I will use a map in the n ext unit as well. Besides his assignments I had a few objectives I wanted Kyle to accomplish but with no punishment if they were not met. After a gladiator video we watched together, Kyle’s objective was to state the main idea of the video with 80% accuracy, and since it was verbal he was able to correctly state the main idea. Another objective he was able to reach was to transition appropriately from tasks and activities and school environments 80% of the time given visual and verbal prompts. This objective was met 6 out of 8 times throughout the unit. Overall, a big objective for Kyle was to follow classroom rules and directives given visual and verbal prompts 90% of the time. He was able to reach slightly under 90% of the time in the class I taught but this was a yearlong objective that all his teachers participated in. Finally, it is so important that Autistic children have structure, routine, and praise. In Kyle’s case he did not like writing which is an important part in history. By reducing his assignments, asking for verbal answers instead of written answers, verbally reminding everyone to stay on task, and providing written and verbal instructions, I was able to meet my objectives through the assessments. I believe I wasShow MoreRelatedPersonal Insight At Diablo Valley College Essay1477 Words   |  6 Pagesof psychology to social processes, have given me a better understanding of the modern analysis of the social science that is psychology. And my very first psychology course, Introduction to Psychology, had imparted on me insight on the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. These courses are by no means the only courses in which I could enroll in to proceed to higher levels of education. For every semester I have enrolled in at DVC, I would consult Assist.org, an online student-transferRead MoreVaccines For Children Program Programs1522 Words   |  7 Pagespaper will also include how I will adapt this program in my future pediatric practice. The history of the Vaccines for Children program was a result of the 1989 measles epidemic in the United States. This epidemic resulted in tens of thousands of cases of measles and hundreds of deaths (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). As the Centers for Disease and Prevention investigated this epidemic it was discovered that greater half of the children who had measles had not been vaccinated.Read MoreCharacteristics Of A High Quality Program1203 Words   |  5 Pagesensure that all needs are met appropriately. High-quality programs should accommodate for indoor and outdoor play, and space for active and quiet play. Activities should allow for gross motor development, and provide safe surfaces for the children in case of falls or accidents. To meet the needs for emotional safety, staff should be understanding to the anxiety felt by both child and parent after separation, and help to ease this anxiety. Consistent schedules and clear expectations of staff and an age- appropriateRead MoreAnalysis of Timothys Case Study Essay2062 Words   |  9 PagesAnalysis of Timothys Case Study PSYC 2700 Child Development Case Study Analysis Capella University March, 2014 Analysis of Timothys Case Study Timothy’s story is about a sequence, or timeline of events showing how being in a certain environment can help shape a child’s development. Timothy’s behavior from the beginning was a perfect example of how children model after their parents or caregiver. He was exposed to violence at a very young age fromRead MoreA Case Study of T.C.: Aspergers Syndrome Essay1943 Words   |  8 PagesCase History: T.C. is a 13 year old, 2 month old girl in the seventh grade. T.C. lives with her parents and she is the oldest of three children. T.C.’s prenatal and birth history was unremarkable. T.C. was normal developing until 18 months old. By 18 months old it was apparent that T.C. was delayed in speech. In addition, she walked on her toes, did not make eye contact with others, had a terrible fear of loud sounds, cried frequently, and was a poor sleeper. She was evaluated before her secondRead MoreApa Style Lite for College Papers15275 Words   |  62 Pagesbecause of failure to adhere to APA style, it is important to note that 39% of the respondents reported that they had returned a manuscript to an author purely for failing to adhere to 6.2 Citations APA style. (Brewer et al., 2001, p. 266) The study asked the respondents to rate the categories most commonly observed deviating 2.3 Lists 4.1 Scales from APA style. These were reported on a scale ranging from 1 (none) to 5 (a lot). The three major problem areas identified were: (a) referencesRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesStatistics Exam and currently chairs the American Statistical Association’s Joint Committee with the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics on Curriculum in Statistics and Probability for Grades K–12. In addition to her texts in introductory statistics, Roxy is also co-editor of Statistical Case Studies: A Collaboration Between Academe and Industry and a member of the editorial board for Statistics: A Guide to the Unknown, 4th edition. Outside the classroom and the ofï ¬ ce, Roxy likes to travelRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior Comprehensive Cases Indexes Glindex 637 663 616 623 Contents Preface xxii 1 1 Introduction What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Importance of Interpersonal Skills 4 What Managers Do 5 Management Functions 6 †¢ Management Roles 6 †¢ Management Skills 8 †¢ Effective versus Successful Managerial Activities 8 †¢ A Review of the Manager’s Job 9 Enter Organizational Behavior 10 Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study 11 Disciplines That Contribute toRead MoreGsk Annual Report 2010135604 Words   |  543 Pagesthat the scale of legal provisioning that has been required is signiï ¬ cant. However, we continue to believe that it is in the Group’s best interests to resolve this inherent unpredictability and reduce GSK’s overall litigation exposure. These legal cases underline just how important it is for us to be led by our values in everything we do. Changes to the Board In September we announced that Julian Heslop will retire as CFO at the end of March and be replaced by Simon Dingemans, who joined the company

Major and Minor Effects of Vehicle Accidents and Development of PTSD

Question: Discuss about the Major and Minor Effects of Vehicle Accidents and Development of PTSD. Answer: Introduction The military was the first to recognize and use the term PTSD;it describes a disorder that is psychiatric in nature and has the following characteristics; recurring and extreme flashbacks and memories of the traumatic event, overactive vigilance, and decreased responsiveness. Studies of PTSD have significantly expanded recently to include various populations including Vietnam veterans, sexual assault victims, adult abuse survivors and survivors of disasters. (McHugh and Treisman, 2007). Through research, we see that psychological conditions like post-traumatic stress disorder has a significant impact on recuperation from grave injuries sustained from accidents and significantly influence the long-term quality of life of those surviving such injuries (Liempt,Zuiden,Westenberg, Super Vermetten, 2013). Motor vehicle accidents also have more effects other than causing PTSD. The aim of this report is to examine the consequences of car crashes both major and minor ones. It will also study how an individual can develop post-traumatic stress disorder. Some of these effects include both physical and emotional effects on people affected by the vehicle accident. The first effect is it can lead to one developing PTSD due to the trauma associated with the crash. (Guest, Tran, Gopinath, Cameron Craig, 2016). It can also lead to one developing depression after the collision, that is after being in the accident they feel low and depressed whether due to their injuries or when they do not have the ability to do activities they would do before the accident.(Gabriel E. Ryb, 2009) The individual involved in the accidents may develop anxiety this is because of the accident they become scared of even entering a vehicle because of fear of a recurrence of the crash hence avoid driving and carsaltogeth er(Turkal, n.d.). Another effect of these car accidents is it leads to the development of phobias; one can be irrationally afraid of any form of transportation due to fear of another accident. They can become afraid of driving, and more severely they develop a fear of going outside because they are scared of being in an accident (Blanchard Hickling,2003). In mild cases of emotional stress caused by the crash, one can go through crying, anger, appetite loss, fluctuations in weight, reduced amount of energy, sexual dysfunction or lack of sexual interest and changes of moods(Berg, 2014). It also affects people financially; where one spends money to treat sustained injuries from the accident which can be major and thus it will take a large sum of money to address. It will also cost the individuals involved in the accident money to repair the damage to the vehicles whether primary or minor, but it will make a dent in the persons finances (Smith, 2017).Most of the time the more serious accidents require treatments and medications that are over the insurance coverage hence one has to spend money out their pockets (Kenardy, Heron-Delaney, Bellamy, Sterling, Connelly, 2013). It can cause injury to the people involved in the motor vehicle accident. The injury can be either serious or just minor injury. Some of these injuries include; brain injury, loss of limbs, spinal cord injury, whiplash which is an injury sustained due to trauma in the soft tissue or bones in the neck, paralysis and the other primary injuries due directly to the accident (Lee Li, 2014). These injuries have so many effects on the quality of an accidents life like due to loss of limbs the individual has a disability and one cannot perform tasks that they could do before the crash and can lead to loss of employment due to this (Baldyga, n.d.). Finally, it leads to death. Motor vehicle accidents cause death due to injuries from the accidents. Most studies and research have come to the conclusion that the percentage of deaths due to car crashes and is rising as more accidents occur. PTSD develops in victims of motor vehicle accidentsbecause of some influences. They are preexisting conditions like depression, the nature of the accident whether or not it was a major accident can lead to one developing acute or mild PTSD or at times, not at all, the reaction of a person during the accidents and experiences afterward(Blanchard, 2003). One can be predisposed to suffer from PTSD if they have ever been involved in a traumatic event before the crash and also if they have a history of psychiatric disorders. Motor vehicle crashes are the single leading cause of PTSD in people. Reports show that the occurrence of PTSD in individuals involved in motor vehicle crashes ranges from 8% to 46%(Buckley, 2016). In conclusion,car accidents have a lot of effects on the people whether directly or indirectly. A significant percentage of the victims of these accidents will suffer from PTSD which is a psychological condition which can be managed over time but will always affect the victim. It is of my opinion that more should be done to prevent motor vehicle accidents since people should not have to suffer from these effects whether they are major or minor effects. References Baldyga, D. Minor Impacts, and Major Injuries. Expertpages.com. Retrieved 4 April 2017, from https://expertpages.com/news/auto_impacts.htm Berg, D. (2014). Mental and Emotional Injuries After a Car Accident | by Nolo. All-About-Car-Accidents.com. Retrieved 4 April 2017, from https://www.all-about-car-accidents.com/resources/auto-accident/car-accident-injuries/mental-emotional-injuries-from-car-wreck Blanchard, E. (2003).Theprimary cause of PTSD id Motor Vehicle Crashes.Apa.org. Retrieved 4 April 2017, from https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2003/12/accidents-ptsd.aspx Blanchard, E.B., Hickling, E.J. (2003). After the Crash: Psychological Assessment and Treatment of Survivors of Motor Vehicle Accidents (2nd ed) Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Buckley, T. (2016). Traumatic Stress and Motor Vehicle Accidents - PTSD: National Center for PTSD.Ptsd.va.gov. Retrieved 4 April 2017, from https://www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/trauma/other/traumatic-stress-vehicle-accidents.asp Gabriel E. Ryb, J. (2009). PTSD After Severe Vehicular Crashes. PubMed Central (PMC). Retrieved 4 April 2017, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3256803/ Guest, R., Tran, Y., Gopinath, B., Cameron, I. D., Craig, A. (2016). Prevention of the development of psychological distress following a motor vehicle crash: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials, 17(1), 317. Kenardy, J., Heron-Delaney, M., Bellamy, N., Sterling, M., Connelly, L. (2013). The study by University of Queensland onthe physical and psychological outcomes for individuals with claims with minimaland moderate injuries following a road traffic crash (UQ SuPPORT): design and methods. Retrieved 4 April 2017, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4009486/ Lee, C., Li, X. (2014). Analysis of injury severity of drivers involved in single-and two-vehicle crashes on highways in Ontario. Accident Analysis Prevention, 71, 286-295. McHugh PR, Treisman G.(2007).PTSD: A problematic diagnostic category. J Anxiety Disorders; 21(2):211222. Smith, A. (2017). Perceptions of risk factors for road traffic accidents. Advances In Social Sciences Research Journal, 4(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.41.2616 Turkal, D. Post-traumatic Stress Reactions Following Motor Vehicle Accidents - American Family Physician. Aafp.org. Retrieved 4 April 2017, from https://www.aafp.org/afp/1999/0801/p524.html Van Liempt, S., van Zuiden, M., Westenberg, H., Super, A., Vermetten, E. (2013). Impact of impaired sleep on the development of PTSD symptoms in combat veterans: a prospective longitudinal cohort study. Depression and anxiety, 30(5), 469-474.

Social Cognitive Theory free essay sample

Baptist, A. P. , Ross, J. A. , Yang, U. , Song, P. X. , Clark, N. M. (2013). A randomized controlled trial of a self-regulation intervention for older adults with asthma. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 61(5), 747-753. Doi:10. 1111/jgs. 12218 To evaluate an asthma self-regulation intervention for older adults, specifically observing the effects on asthma quality of life and asthma control. Participants were outpatients aged 65 and older with asthma who were currently taking daily medications to control their asthma. There were 70 patients enrolled. The average age was 73. 3 years old. Women made up 27% of the enrolled population. The mean number of years diagnoses with asthma was 27. 3 years. Caucasians made up 28% of the enrolled population. Randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Patients assigned randomly to control or intervention group. Control group (n=35) participants received standard asthma education administered by a health educator. Topics included proper inhaler technique, asthma triggers, asthma control, and signs of exacerbation. Intervention group (n=35) participants received standard care and participated in a six-session program conducted over the telephone and group sessions. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Cognitive Theory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Participants selected an asthma-specific goal, identified problems, and addressed potential barriers. Outcomes were assessed at 1, 6, and 12 months and included the mini-Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (mAQLQ), Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ), healthcare utilization, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide level (FENO), and percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1%). The mean mAQLQ score was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group at 1, 6, and 12 months. Higher scores indicated greater quality of life. Mean ACQ score was significantly lower at 1 month for the intervention group than the control group and was lower at the 6 and 12-month time points as well. Lower scores indicated greater asthma control. Lung function was evaluated at 6 and 12 months. No difference was seen in FENO, but predicted FEV1% favored the intervention group. There was no significant difference found for hospitalizations or ED visits between the intervention and control groups, although both favored the intervention group. For a composite healthcare utilization index (hospitalization, ED, or unscheduled visit) the intervention group had significantly fewer visits than the control. A self-regulation intervention is effective for improving asthma quality of life, asthma control, and healthcare utilization in older adults. Byrne, J. , Khunti, K. , Stone, M. , Farooqi, A. , Carr, S. (2011). Feasibility of a structured group education session to improve self-management of blood pressure in people with chronic kidney disease: An open randomized pilot trial. BMJ Open, doi:10. 1136/bmjopen-2011-000381 To test a group educational intervention called Controlling Hypertension (HTN): Education and Empowerment Renal Study (CHEERS) to improve self-management of blood pressure in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Exploring the acceptability of the intervention. Patients with early CKD and HTN. There were 81 people enrolled in the study 30% of the 267 patients approached. Random controlled trial. Patients recruited from nephrology outpatient clinic. Control group received standard clinical management of HTN. Intervention group received routine standard care plus structured CHEERS patient education intervention. Measured: recruitment, retention, patient demographics, self-efficacy, and patient satisfaction. Lack of time 48% and lack of interest 44% were the main reasons for non-participation. 37. 5% of the intervention group failed to attend. These patients were older and had lower self-efficacy. The intervention was rated enjoyable and useful by 100% of participants. None of those who attended the education sessions accessed the additional support offered. Carr, L. J. , Dunsiger, S. I. , Lewis, B. , Ciccolo, J. T. , Hartman, S. , Bock, B. , Marcus, B. H. (2013). Randomized controlled trial testing an internet physical activity intervention for sedentary adults. Health Psychology, 32(3), 328-336. doi:10. 1037/a0028962 To test the efficacy of a newly enhanced internet (EI) intervention in relation to six standard internet (SI) intervention websites that are publicly available to promote physical activity (PA), for improving PA behavior in previously sedentary adults. Healthy sedentary (achieving less than 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week) men and women between ages 18 and 65 years of age. 66 participants were enrolled. 25 were randomly assigned to the EI group. 28 were randomly assigned to the SI group. More than half were college educated. More than 80% reported being non-Hispanic white. Both groups used an internet website to monitor and improve physical activity. Website use, physical activity, and patient satisfaction were measured. The EI included five SCT-influenced internet features including, physical activity tracking goal-setting calendar, regular peer activity updates, ask the expert QA forum, exercise videos, and geographic mapping function. At 3 months EI participants averaged 180. 4 weekly minutes of PA compared to 46. 3 minutes by SI participants. At 6 months EI participants averaged 171. 4 weekly minutes of PA compared to 121. 8 minutes by SI participants. The EI intervention facilitated quicker increases in PA behavior than the SI comparison group. An improvement in PA behavior was associated with improvements in various SCT constructs including social support, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and self-regulation. Dorough, A. E. , Winett, R. A. , Anderson, E. S. , Davy, B. M. , Martin, E. C. , Hedrick, V. (2012). DASH to Wellness: Emphasizing Self-Regulation Through E-Health in Adults With Prehypertension. Health Psychology, doi: 10. 1037/a0030483 To assess the initial efficacy of an electronically delivered, lifestyle intervention for treating prehypertension (PHT) by increasing fruit and vegetable consumption, reducing dietary sodium through the adaption of the DASH eating plan, increasing physical activity, promoting use of home blood pressure monitoring, reducing weight, and decreasing BP thereby reducing risk of movement to stage I hypertension in middle-aged adults with PHT. 27 participants with a mean age of 54. 3, mean weight of 87. 8 kg, mean BMI of 31. 5, were 69. 5% female, 95% Caucasian, 5% Mexican American, were well educated with 52% reporting 4-year or postgraduate degrees, and 60. 8% reported a household annual income above $60,000. Participants were randomly assigned a group. The standard-of-care condition, DASH 2 wellness (D2W) only, or the intervention-treatment group, DASH 2 wellness plus (D2WP). At baseline both groups completed a 4-day food intake record and a 7-day step log. Baseline height, weight, and BMI were also recorded. This data was gathered again after the 10-week intervention. D2W group was provided the DASH eating plan guide, walking and weight program, a scale, and a pedometer. D2WP group was provided everything listed above along with an automatic blood pressure monitor, weekly electronic feedback in planning, goal setting, and tracking of intake, weight, exercise, and self-monitored blood pressure readings. D2WP had a large increase in average daily steps 2,900 vs. 636. D2WP had a larger decrease in systolic BP 15. 14 mmHg vs. 4. 61 mmHg. D2WP had a larger decrease in weight 10. 54 lbs. vs. 3. 23 lbs. Outcomes suggest the primarily electronically delivered approach was more effective than the standard of care in changing some health behaviors related to nutrition and physical activity, reducing body weight, and systolic blood pressure. All D2WP participants moved from the PHT category to a normal, even optimal BP except for one. Fjeldsoe, B. S. , Miller, Y. D. , Marshall, A. L. (2013). Social cognitive mediators of the effect of the MobileMums intervention on physical activity. Health Psychology, 32(7), 729-738. Doi: 10. 1037/a0027548 To explore whether improvements in physical activity (PA) following the MobileMums intervention were facilitated by changes in Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) constructs targeted in the intervention. Women less than 12-months postpartum were recruited from a database of women that agreed to be contacted for health-related research projects. Eligibility criteria included English comprehension, ownership of a mobile phone, engaged in less than five days per week of 30-minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and intention to increase PA. 88 participants completed the baseline assessment and were randomized to either the intervention group, n=45, or control group, n=43. Seventy-seven percent of participants were reassessed at 6-weeks and 69% at 13-weeks. There were no meaningful or statistically significant differences between group demographic characteristics. Participants were randomly assigned to the control or intervention group. Control group participants received one face-to-face consultation with a behavioral counselor and given a PA information pack. MobileMum intervention group participants had two PA consultations with a behavioral counselor and one telephone consultation at 6-weeks. Counselor helped to set goals and plan exercise activities. Participants were also given weekly activity planning magnets to help self-monitor. Participants nominated a social support person. They also received 42 individualized phone messages providing strategies for behavior change and 11 goal check messages. Support person also received messages. Frequency of walking for exercise and the amount of moderate-to-vigorous PA was measured. Barrier self-efficacy, goal setting skills, outcome expectancy, social support, and perceived environmental opportunity were also measured. The MobileMum program increased the amount of walking for exercise and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity among postnatal women. An increase in physical activity was mediated in the short-term (6-weeks), by improvements in barrier self-efficacy and goal setting skills. Social support did not significantly mediate the intervention effects on physical activity. The intervention did not have a significant impact on outcome expectancy or perceived environmental opportunities for PA. Pilutti, L. , Dlugonski, D. , Sandroff, B. , Klaren, R. , Motl, R. (2013). Randomized controlled trial of a behavioral intervention targeting symptoms and physical activity in multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis Journal, doi: 10. 1177/1352458513503391 To examine the efficacy of an internet delivered behavioral intervention for improving outcomes of fatigue, depression, anxiety, pain, sleep quality, and health related quality of life (HRQOL) in ambulatory persons with MS. This intervention has previously been tested to increase lifestyle physical activity among persons with MS. The second aim of this study is to replicate those results regarding change in physical activity. Sample consisted of 82 participants who were randomized into a control group, n=41, and an intervention group, n=41. Participant inclusion criteria: 18-64 years, diagnosis of MS, relapse-free for the past 30-days, internet access, ability to walk with or without an assistive device, physician approval, not maintaining 30 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity a day for more than 2 days. Sample was primarily female (76%). The level of disability of the sample was moderate and most participants (74%) did not use an assistive device. There were no statistically significant differences between groups in demographic or clinical characteristics, physical activity, or symptomatic and HRQOL outcomes pre-trial. Random controlled trial. The intervention group was provided a study website with information about becoming more physically active based on principles of SCT, self-monitoring, and goal-setting using a pedometer and activity logs, and one-on-one video coaching sessions for 6 months. Data measures included physical activity, fatigue, depression, anxiety, pain, quality of sleep, HRQOL, and disability. These measures were recorded at baseline and 6 months post intervention. Participants in the intervention group participated in significantly more self-reported physical activity compared to control group. They also spent more time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity compared to the control group although not a significant difference. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were significantly lower in the intervention group. There was a favorable effects of the intervention on symptoms of pain and sleep quality post-intervention. Participants in the intervention group reported greater quality of life compared to control participants, although this difference did not reach statistical significance. Overall, it can be confirmed that a lifestyle intervention delivered through the internet can be effective for increasing everyday physical activity in persons with MS, and this had a positive effect on symptomatic outcomes. Amaya, M. , Petosa, R. (2012). An evaluation of a worksite exercise intervention using the social cognitive theory: A pilot study. Health Education Journal, 71(2), 133-143. Doi: 10. 1177/0017896911409731 To increase exercise adherence among insufficiently active adult employees. Employees (n=127) who did not meet current American College of Sports Medicine recommendations for exercise. Majority of subjects were female (83%). A majority of subjects had obtained a bachelor’s or post bachelor’s degree (61%). Nearly all subjects were married (77%). A majority of the study sample was Caucasian (84%). A quasi-experimental separate samples pre-test-post-test group design was used to compare treatment and comparison group. Intervention: An eight-week educational program targeting the social cognitive theory constructs. There were 6 one-hour classroom-based sessions and multiple meetings with a trainer. The intervention taught subjects self-regulation skills, including focusing on self-monitoring, goal setting, and time management. Taught self-efficacy skills, overcoming barriers and exercise preferences. Taught social support for exercise, outcome expectations and expectancies, reasons to exercise and its value. Measures: free-living exercise, self-regulation, self-efficacy, social support, and outcome expectations and expectancies. Measurements were taken at pre-test, post-test, one month and three months post-intervention. There was a significant difference between groups for moderate intensity exercise and vigorous intensity exercise at post-test and follow-up. There was a significant difference between groups for self-regulation at post-test and follow-up. There was not a significant difference between groups for self-efficacy or outcome expectancies. Family and friend social support group differences were non-significant at post-test and at one-month follow-up, but were significant at three-month follow-up. The educational intervention was effective in increasing the exercise rates of employees at the worksite. Social Cognitive Theory Framework Paper Framework Description, Components, and Synthesis Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) emerged primarily from the work of Albert Bandura. Social cognitive theory is a learning theory based on the idea that people learn by observing others. The theory is an expansion of the Social Learning Theory (SLT) originally proposed by Neal Miller and John Dollard and later expanded by Bandura himself. Social Learning Theory theorizes that people learn new behaviors by observing others, imitating their behavior, and then being reinforced by the observed outcomes. Bandura’s SCT differs from SLT by its emphasis on the role of self-efficacy and the concept of reciprocal triadic causation. Self-efficacy is a person’s confidence and desire to perform a behavior. It reflects not only a person’s actual know-how to perform a behavior, but also their skepticism or willingness in performing the behavior. Behavior is theorized in SCT to occur in a social context and influenced by the active shared interaction between the person, environment, and behavior, the reciprocal triadic causation. Never is a behavior not influence by all three. There are five key concepts that make up the Social Cognitive Theory, those concepts are knowledge, perceived self-efficacy, outcome expectation, goal formation, and sociostructural factors. Knowledge is often the starting point for most health promotion programs. Many people will obtain knowledge through observation, verbal or written description, video or audio recordings, and other forms of knowledge delivery (DiClemente, 2013). The DARE program is a good example of a program that delivers knowledge to kids about the risks of alcohol and drugs to hopefully prevent their use and abuse. However, behavior change after obtaining knowledge is often dependent on four inner-related processes involving attention, retention, production, and motivation. Regardless of having the knowledge there must be underlining drives to commit to a behavior change. Building off the last example if a kid were to be a valued member of a sports team they may be move motivated to abstain from alcohol and drugs to avoid a decline in performance. Since knowledge alone may not initiate a behavior change all of the study articles listed above provided education for all participants at baseline. The Baptist study provided asthma education on how to administer medication, asthma triggers, control, and signs of exacerbation. The Pilutti study provided online material on becoming more physically active and healthy. Perceived self-efficacy can be explained as a person’s inner confidence in performing a task. This inner confidence has been influenced by past performances, the observation and verbal persuasion of others, and their physiological state (Bandura, 2004). Low self-efficacy can be caused by fear and can defeat any effort to perform a given task. Having a high level of self-efficacy will increase a person’s initiation and drive for a particular task. There are four methods to improve self-efficacy; learn to reduce the fear and other negative emotions that may be associated with the task, verbal persuasion, watch others perform the task successfully, and be physically guided or coached through the task (DiClemente, 2013). Many of these methods were used in the study articles listed above. By providing education, participant knowledge is increased, which helps to improve self-efficacy. The Carr study provided online exercise videos. In the Fjeldsoe study participants were assigned a counselor and a support person to provide encouragement. Participants in the Amaya study met for one-hour classroom sessions and had group discussions discussing fears, barriers, and exercise technique. Outcome expectations are individual beliefs about what consequences are most likely to occur if a particular behavior is performed. People anticipate the consequences of their actions before engaging in a behavior, and these anticipated consequences could influence the successful completion of the behavior (Bandura, 2004). The benefit of the behavior is the driving force for action. Educators, trainers, and counselors work well to help people recognize the possible positive outcomes. The Baptist, Amaya, and Fjeldsoe studies all used a person as part of their intervention to help participants visualize the possible outcomes of their efforts. Outcome expectations can also include negative perceptions or costs. For example a person thinking about going back to school may see the benefit in an advanced degree and pay raise or the negative outcome of tuition costs and time spent. Goal setting is an important aspect of SCT. Setting small achievable goals that progress to the final goal is an effective way to keep focused and maintain spirit throughout the process. With the attainment of small sub goals self-efficacy perceptions are likely to increase and the experience of positive outcomes will increase and improve change efforts (DiClemente, 2013). Further, goals are an important prerequisite for self-regulation because they provide objectives to strive towards and are levels against which to judge progress (Bandura, 2004). Participants of the Fjeldsoe study carried mobile devices that monitored progress and sent individualized messages with strategies to meet goals. Those participants also receive goal check messages and depending on participant responses they either received more advice or applause and encouragement to keep up the good work. Lastly, sociostructural factors are important as they can strongly impact self-efficacy and consequently behavior. Sociostructural factors are any actual or perceived external factor that influences for better or for worse the likelihood of a behavior (DiClemente, 2013). For example, a positive sociostructural factor for an individual trying to loose weight and eat healthy would be a number of local gym options. A negative factor may be the lack of grocery stores that offer organic food options. The Carr study, which investigated the effectiveness of an Internet site to improve physical activity, had a geographic mapping function to help participants locate resources and plan outdoor activity. Major Research and Practice Areas Based on the journal articles above much of the research is on the effectiveness of interventions that target the patient SCT constructs to improve illness management and physical activity. These interventions mostly focus on all five of the SCT concepts. The programs typically provided education, group, online, technical, and personal support, help with goal formation and strategic planning, and also coaching and counseling. The research is looking for interventions to improve self-management, quality of life, and the increase of health promoting behaviors such as blood pressure monitoring, eating healthy, and being physical activity. Social Cognitive Theory interventions can be used in practice to improve the management of chronic illnesses such as asthma, chronic kidney disease, and hypertension. It can be used to improve health-promoting behaviors such as increasing exercise, dieting and weight loss, and monitoring blood pressure or blood sugars. Framework Population The populations of the studies found above using SCT involved older adults over the age of 65, patients with multiple diagnoses, adults with borderline diagnoses, sedentary adults, postpartum women, and adults managing disability related to an illness. All of the listed populations are at risk for low levels of self-efficacy, which can inhibit change. Therefore, these populations may require extra support and motivation, which can be provided by interventions using SCT to support change. Framework and Risk Factor In the Dorough study the population of focus was adults with prehypertension and their risk factor was physical inactivity and poor diet and nutrition. The study aimed to use an intervention influenced by SCT to promote physical activity and reduce hypertension. Features of the intervention that were SCT based were the nutrition and exercise education, the nutrition guide an outlined exercise program, and lastly the electronic resource provided for logging progress, goal setting, and goal attainment advice. The results of the intervention included a significant increase in daily steps, decrease in blood pressure, and weight loss. All but one participant moved from prehypertension to normal even optimal blood pressure. Application of Framework Stroke survivors can have a low perceived level of self-efficacy and this puts them at an increased risk for not meeting their rehabilitation goals for recovery. Stroke survivors want to return to the varied roles they had before their stroke. However, commonly these survivors become victim to themselves as they begin to lose interest, become unmotivated, and become difficult to get going. Depression and apathy are common consequences of stroke with the sudden loss of independence and self-reliance. An intervention that aims to change patient SCT constructs to improve physical activity in rehab may work to improve the patient’s self-efficacy and their progression in rehabilitation. The desired outcome is increased participation in physical rehabilitation. The factor that is limiting that outcome is the patient’s low level of perceived self-efficacy. One study revealed that the functional level at 6 months post stroke could predict long-term survival and disability (Jones, 2010). Therefore, an intervention that promotes a positive spirit, provides support, and creates an environment that facilitates goal attainment is absolutely necessary for these patients to increase their functional ability and decrease their level of dependency, which is of utmost importance. An ideal SCT intervention for this population would begin with an educational session on stroke covering topics such as common side effects, medications, needs and goals of rehabilitation. The recovery process is long and therefore multiple small goals should be set weekly to help maintain motivation and recognize progression however small. Therapy should be conducted in groups to allow patients to motivate each other, witness each other’s progression, and support one another through the recovery process. Nurses, and physical, speech, and occupational therapist should help the patients monitor and log their progress, coach exercises, and motivate. To measure the effectiveness of the program therapy participations may be measure based on time, patient exertion and attitude. The level of self-efficacy before and after would be a good measure along with patient’s outlook on current progression and further progress.

schooling should not be compulsory

I believe that schooling should not be compulsory. Making school education voluntary would actually educate people who want to learn in a better manner, increase high school safety, and be less of a detriment to our rights. First of all, making a child goto school for about six hours a day, 180 days a year, for about ten years, is a violation of his or her liberties. Keep in mind that the child has to attend until the legal age (16 in many states), whether or not the child learns anything or could learn it faster or better somewhere else. The government says it has a "compelling interest" in the education of children. This might be true, but that doesnt give them the right to make it compulsory. If something like public schooling was compulsory for adults, there would be public uproar. While parents do have alternatives to government run schools, such as private schools and homeschooling, these alternatives are implausible for most parents. In any case, the parent really doesnt get to decide whether to send their child to school, they just get to decide which government approved schooling method to send their kids to. This goes back to one principle given the chance, governments think noth! ing of telling parents how to raise their children. Forced attendance also has the effect of letting children who do not want to be in school disrupt those who do. Children vary widely. It is not fair for both people who want to be in school and people who dont. Overall, this has had a negative impact on both the education given by schools and the safety of the schools. When compulsory attendance laws were first instituted, there was no objection that such laws would endanger the safety and even the lives of teachers and of students who wanted to be in school. Things have changed. Forcing a person who does not want to learn to be present in school anyway may do little for the student, as evidenced by the fact that many...

The Royal Prerogative is a feature of the UK Constitution in need of Essay

The Royal Prerogative is a feature of the UK Constitution in need of radical reform - Essay Example Analysis The exercise of the royal prerogative powers has been curtailed. These days, there has been clear demarcation of powers that has been have been delegated to both the prime minister and the crown, though much of these powers are exercisable by the prime minster. However, leaving bit of these powers in the hands of the crown has little or no effect, to such an extent that it does not make sense having these powers vested in the crown1. It is important for the people of the United Kingdom to realize that times have changed, and circumstances are different. The needs that led to bestowing such powers to the crown have now become non-existent. This leaves the royalty as a toothless bulldog that can no longer bite. In order for the United Kingdom to fully deliberate itself from the shackles of history, the royalty’s expansive powers should be fully relegated to parliament and only act as a ceremonial organ2. The monarch’s constitutional presence should no longer be a reason for debate among the intellectuals. The independence of the judiciary is achieved by ensuring that the judiciary does not act as a mouth piece of the executive. In the past, the exercise of such powers has failed to reflect the wishes of the larger interest of the people of United Kingdom, rather has been used as a tool for the monarchy to meet its personal ends3. The judiciary, on the other hand was ripped off its independences it could not question the exercise of such powers of the royalty. These tainted and undermined the performance of the judiciary. Thus, the judiciary should be guaranteed protection from the crown in order to be act without fear or favour4. The power to deal in matters of foreign affairs should be retrieved from the hands of the crown and be left with the legislature , who are in a better position to enact laws that protects the sovereignty of the united kingdom and its people and to also promote the good neighbourliness with other countries. It also advocates for better and efficient interdependence, in cases where the countries involved come in to form a major economic block5. Historically, the legislature was also at the hands of the crown and has not fully barred the monarch from exercising these powers as she still has the sole mandate to appoint the prime minster6. This greatly affects the powers and functions of the prime minster, as he or she has to act in bias, of the crown who appointed him. The prime minister then becomes a puppet for the monarch to act according to the whims of the monarch. The result is that the entire legislature is tailored to meet the desires of the crown at the expense of the interest of the citizens of the United Kingdom7. The legislature should therefore be freed from the chains of the crown, and equipping it through laws, to be able to run its affairs and make its appointment without any interference from the monarch. The bills that also come before parliament will be focusing on the larger i nterest of the people of the United Kingdom rather than a smaller minority which is the crown8. The ancient practice invoking the United Kingdom to be ruled according to divine rights of kings has caused the United Kingdom to lag behind from attaining democracy for its people. The prerogative power of the monarch has often been

Employment Policies and Practices Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Employment Policies and Practices - Assignment Example Once the applicant clears this initial test, the organization goes into the selection process. This selection process, the organization usually comes into the direct contact with the applicants. The organization works on the resume of the applicants, try to get some background information of the applicants, verify their prior qualification, their past experience etc. After this, usually members of human resource (HR) department, takes the interviews of the applicants of the applicants in which they want to look the aptitude of the applicants, their presentation styles, confidence etc. In most of the organizations, interview is the last process, but in some organization e.g. arm forces, there are physical tests conducted to determine the physical and mental abilities and strengths. Once the applicants pass through of these procedures, they are selected as employees in the organization. One important activity that the organization must perform is to check the applicants past record. This task is not only to check the background information of the applicant, but to check other useful information as well, such as the employee's past report in previous organizations, i.e. is to check weather or not, the employee was fired from the any previous organization on the bases of poor performance, dishonesty or fraud etc. The references of the employees are verified. In most of the government organization, a social security check of the employee is conducted to weather the employee has any criminal record against him or not. If the person is has a clean past record, only then he should be selected. Post Employment Checks: Post employment checks are as important as pre employment checks. These checks include the noticeable change in the lifestyles of the employees, their important financial statements such as income statements, drug usage etc. The organization should make sure that the employees are punctual and giving to their best productivity level. The organization should keep an eye on the activities of the employees, on and off the work. Acquiring help from third party can be useful in these situations and these checks must be perform from time to time. Post employment check is one of the most important part of organization's risk management. If any employee found guilty in any of these checks, the organization must deal the matter seriously and treat the employee according to degree of activity. Monitoring of Employees: Monitoring of subordinates or employees is considered to be as sensitive issue. Monitoring of employees involves ethnicity. It is the right of the managers to supervise their subordinates, but on the other hand, most of the employees complain that they are monitored secretly. There are several ways of monitoring. On of the most common monitoring method is seeing the actions of your employees through surveillance cameras. But this monitoring need constant viewing and is mostly used

History and Impact of Additive Manufacturing

History and Impact of Additive Manufacturing In the recent years, technology has been evolving at an exponential rate, due to important breakthroughs in research and development of new ways to produce efficient materials and structures. One of the most important technological step forward was the implementation of the extended use of Additive Manufacturing Machines, also known as 3D Printers. This revolutionary concept of Additive Manufacturing (AM) describes the technologies that build 3D objects by adding layer-upon-layer of material, whether the material is plastic, metal, concrete or maybe one dayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. human tissue? The history of AM Manufacturing: The first additive manufacturing equipment and materials were developed by Charles Hull in the early 1980s, and he called the process stereolithography, (Jane Bird 2012). Hull, who has a bachelors degree in engineering physics, was working on making plastic objects from photopolymers at the company Ultra Violet Products in California. Stereolithography uses an .stl file format to interpret the data in a CAD file, allowing these instructions to be communicated electronically to the 3D printer. Along with shape, the instructions in the .stl file may also include information such as the color, texture, and thickness of the object to be printed.( Gross BC, Erkal JL, Lockwood SY, Chen C, Spence DM -2014) By the early 2010s, the terms 3D printing and additive manufacturing evolved senses in which they were alternate umbrella terms for AM technologies, one being used in popular vernacular by consumer maker communities and the media, and the other used officially by industrial AM end use p art producers, AM machine manufacturers, and global technical standards organizations.(Ishengoma, Fredrick R.; Mtaho, Adam B.-2014) Many other companies have since developed 3D printers for commercial applications. Hulls work, as well as advances made by other researchers, has revolutionized manufacturing, and is poised to do the same in many other fields-including medicine. (Gross BC, Erkal JL, Lockwood SY, Chen C, Spence DM -2014) 2. The types of AM Processes Although the term 3D Printing is used as a synonym for all Additive Manufacturing processes, there are actually lots of individual processes which vary in their method of layer manufacturing. Individual processes will differ depending on the material and machine technology used. Hence, in 2010, the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) group ASTM F42 Additive Manufacturing, formulated a set of standards that classify the range of Additive Manufacturing processes into 7 categories (Standard Terminology for Additive Manufacturing Technologies -2012). These categories are: VAT Photopolymerisation which refers to using a vat of liquid photopolymer resin, out of which the model is constructed layer by layer; Material Jetting, which is used to create objects in a similar method to a two-dimensional ink jet printer. Material is jetted onto a build platform using either a continuous or Drop on Demand approach; Binder Jetting, which uses two materials; a powder based material and a binder. The binder is usually in liquid form and the build material in powder form. A print head moves horizontally along the x and y axes of the machine and deposits alternating layers of the build material and the binding material. Material Extrusion; Fuse deposition modelling is a common material extrusion process. Material is drawn through a nozzle, where it is heated and is then deposited layer by layer. The nozzle can move horizontally and a platform moves up and down vertically after each new layer is deposited. Inkjet Printing is a noncontact technique that uses thermal, electromagnetic, or piezoelectric technology to deposit tiny droplets of ink (actual ink or other materials) onto a substrate according to digital instructions. Sheet Lamination processes that include ultrasonic additive manufacturing and laminated object manufacturing. Directed Energy Deposition which covers a range of terminology: Laser engineered net shaping, directed light fabrication, direct metal de position, 3D laser cladding It is a more complex printing process commonly used to repair or add additional material to existing components. 3. Description of the way Thermal Inkjet Printing AM Machines work As mentioned above, TIJ printers use a technique that uses thermal, electromagnetic, or piezoelectric technology to deposit tiny droplets of ink (actual ink or other materials) onto a substrate according to digital instructions. In inkjet printing, droplet deposition is usually done by using heat or mechanical compression to eject the ink drops. In TIJ printers, heating the print head creates small air bubbles that collapse, creating pressure pulses that eject ink drops from nozzles in volumes as small as 10 to 150 picolitres. Droplet size can be varied by adjusting the applied temperature gradient, pulse frequency, and ink viscosity. TIJ printers are particularly promising for use in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Because of their digital precision, control, versatility, and benign effect on mammalian cells, this technology is already being applied to print simple 2D and 3D tissues and organs (also known as bioprinting). (Cui X, Boland T, DLima DD, Lotz MK -2012) 4. The benefits of AM Machines in Medical Industry The strengths of Additive Manufacturing lie in those areas where conventional manufacturing reaches its limitations. The technology is of interest where a new approach to design and manufacturing is required so as to come up with solutions to complex and complicated situations. It enables a design-driven manufacturing process where design determines production and not the other way around. What is more, AM allows for highly complex structures which can still be extremely light and stable, which is a particularly important characteristic for medical bio-engineering. It provides a high degree of design freedom, the optimization and integration of functional features, the manufacture of small batch sizes at reasonable unit costs and a high degree of product customization even in serial production, thus providing the possibility of adapting every AM designed apparatus to every patient needs. (S.V Murphy, A. Atala -2014) For example, 3D printing has been considered as a method of implant ing stem cells capable of generating new tissues and organs in living humans. With their ability to transform into any other kind of cell in the human body, stem cells offer huge potential in 3D bio-printing. (3D Masterminds 7 Ways 3D Printing Is Disrupting the Medical Industry-2015) Many medical devices, such as hearing aids, dental crowns, and surgical implants are relatively small in size and therefore suitable for the production available through common AM systems. According to a new research report from Albany, NY based Transparency Market Research, the global market for 3D printing in medical application was valued $354.5 million in 2012 and is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15.4 percent from 2013 to 2019 to reach $965.5 million by 2019. (Wohlers Associates 2014) 5. Conclusion 3D printing has become a useful and potentially transformative tool in a number of different fields, including medicine. As printer performance, resolution, and available materials have increased, so have the applications. Researchers continue to improve existing medical applications that use 3D printing technology and to explore new ones. The medical advances that have been made using 3D printing are already significant and exciting, but some of the more revolutionary applications, such as organ printing, will need time to evolve, but still, taking into account the way technology evolves today, this kind of application may soon be accessible. 6. References -Jane Bird (2012-08-08). Exploring the 3D printing opportunity. The Financial Times.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   https://www.ft.com/content/6dc11070-d763-11e1-a378-00144feabdc0#axzz24gFn5Cal/ Gross BC, Erkal JL, Lockwood SY, et al. Evaluation of 3D printing and its potential impact on biotechnology and the chemical sciences. Anal Chem. 2014;86(7):3240-3253 https://all3dp.com/types-of-3d-printer-technology-explained/ -Ishengoma, Fredrick R.; Mtaho, Adam B. (2014-10-18). 3D Printing: Developing Countries Perspectives. International Journal of Computer Applications. 104 (11): 30-34. arXiv:1410.5349Freely accessible. doi:10.5120/18249-9329. ISSN 0975-8887. -Cui X, Boland T, DLima DD, Lotz MK Recent Pat Drug Deliv Formul. 2012 Aug; 6(2):149-55. -3D bioprinting of tissues and organs Sean V Murphy Anthony Atala  © 2014 Nature America -3D Masterminds 7 Ways 3D Printing Is Disrupting the Medical Industry-2015: http://3dmasterminds.com/7-ways-3d-printing-is-disrupting-the-medical-industry/ Wohlers Associates Report 2014 https://wohlersassociates.com/2014report.htm

Thomas Jefferson Essays -- essays research papers

Thomas Jefferson is remembered in history not only for the offices he held, but also for his belief in the natural rights of man as expressed in the Declaration of Independence and his faith in the people’s ability to govern themselves. Through his political career, Thomas Jefferson advocated democratic principles and adhered to his liberal ideology. However, as a president he found it difficult to maintain these policies in the noisy arena of politics. Consequently, circumstances forced him to reverse himself in some degree on these concepts. When he was voted into the presidency, Jefferson devoted a major section of his inaugural address to the "’the essential principles of our government, and consequently those which ought to shape it’s administration’" (Cunningham). Here he reiterated his basic political principles and the leading policies that he had professed as a candidate, which he now restated as the guiding pillars of his administration. He began by affirming "’equal and exact justice to all his men, of whatever state or persuasion, religious or political.’" Next, Jefferson proclaimed, "Peace, commerce, and honest friendship with all nations, entangling alliances with none." He then went on to affirm his commitment to the rights of the states and the preservation of the central government. Continuing to intermingle general principles and specific policies, that new president declared that he favored reliance for defense on a "militia rather than an army, a small navy" (Cunningham) and prosperity through "economy, the payment of debts, and the encouragement of agriculture and commerce as its handmaid." He also emphasized basic rights such as freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and impartially selected juries. "These principles," Jefferson concluded, "form the brightest constellation, which has gone before us and guided our steps through an age of revolution and reformation†¦ They should be the creed of our political faith, the text of civic instruction, the touchstone by which we try the services of those we trust." Unfortunately for Jefferson, marinating this creed would not be easy during this period of history. Jefferson maintained his governing principles throughout the most part of his presidency.... ...elpless American ship was thereupon forced to surrender four of its men. One was a British deserter, but three were Americans. Many Americans wanted to go to war against Britain over this incident. However, Jefferson was determined to avoid war, feeling he could bring Britain to terms by applying economic pressure. In December 1807, the Congress passed the Embargo Act. American ships were forbidden to sail from American ports to any European port. Jefferson believed that England and France could not survive without American trade. However, he had greatly underestimated the effect of the embargo on the United States itself. All parts of the country were affected, especially the industrial and commercial North. In order to avoid war, Jefferson was forced to act against two of his principles by risking American commerce and terminating friendly relationships with other nations. Despite the unavoidable circumstances that caused his actions, Jefferson still proved to be one of the most valued presidents. His ideas, firmly established in the Declaration of Independence, are the foundation of modern society. Current politicians and citizens value many of his principles as well.

Personal Computers Essay

Background. The Personal Computers at their advent were simple machines with less number of parts and limited capabilities. Less power was required to operate the computers and computer heating was never a major problem. However with the development in microprocessor and solid state technologies there was a revolution in how people used computers. The computers today can be configured according to ones needs and many add on components like graphics cards, Modems, USB devices etc. can be fitted on computers . Motherboards today also come with an increased number of components. However with the increase in components a new problem of heating has surfaced in computers. Problems and Motivation Although these components have increased the functionality of computers tremendously it has raised a serious problem of heating. With the increase in number of components the demand for power supply has increased. The components consume more energy and generate large amount heat. Electronic devices perform inefficiently or even get damaged as a result of excessive heat. Hence new challenges to protect these components from getting damaged by proper cooling of heat has emerged. Though the components have increased in numbers the size of PCs has kept reducing. People today prefer smaller PCs for space constraints and aesthetics. In order to keep in line with the reducing sizes the Power supply and the cooling system should also go transformation in sizes. One needs to design cooling systems with greater performances yet at a reduced scale. As the power supply and cooling are the components of PC case there is a need to renovate these cases to protect computer components from getting overheated and damaged. At the same time the it should be scaled down and match the aesthetics of other parts such as monitors, keyboards etc which come in designer shapes today. Research Aims and Objectives With reference to the above discussed problem there is a need to develop PC cases which are responsible for computer cooling. The aim of the project is to create simulation in order to find a better solution over the existing PC Cases and prevent spreading of heat to other components. The project will achieve three main objectives The initial objective would be to understand the principle of fluid dynamics and apply it to the PC Case problem. Secondly we will design a model to convert humid air by applying Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) The final objective would be to provide recommendations for the PC Case. Literature Review The preliminary literature was done on the existing problems in PC Cases and the sources of heat in computer system . The current methodologies implemented for cooling were also studied. Basic literature on application of fluid dynamics and use of Computational Fluid Dynamics to solve problems was also reviewed Methodology The Research will be experimental in nature. simulation model of the existing PC Cases will be developed in CFD. The models will be simulated again with modification for the proposed air cooling. The comparison between the two simulation will help in developing the cooling system and designing of the PC Cases. The results obtained will be experimental in nature and the problem is achievable theoretically with the help of CFD. As the project intends to suggest changes over the existing models the use of Simulation is justified to obtain outcomes as the existing systems are already simulated for cooling by making use of CFD. Triangulation: Mathematical models for the fluid dynamics of air can be constructed and solved for various conditions and the outcomes of these can be cross examined with the that of computer simulations. An experimental set-up can be created to check the prototype of cooling system and the results can be compared. Reliability : The prototype and the simulated models can be tested over a number of systems/components from different manufacturers and checked for reliability. Ethics: The project will adhere to all the guidelines and protocols of electronic manufacturing devices in terms of manufacturing, quality and safety. Environment : The proposed PC cases will be environment friendly. It may be manufactured from environmental friendly recycled materials to reducing global warming. Noise reduction will be achieved considerably with the improved change in design. Analysis The outcomes of the project will help in analyzing the reduction achieved in heat generated and the prevention of components. It will also analyze the cost of implementation and its economic feasibility. Conclusion With correct implementation of fluid dynamics modification in the existing PC cases can be achieved to cool heat efficiently and prevent components from overheating. Although the project is experimental in nature and relies mainly on simulation there may be a variation in its actual implementations. Whether the PC Cases behave as recommended can only be judged only by their practical application the project can be a strong foundation to extend this future scope.

Doctrine of Foreign Policy Constructed by U.S. Presidents

There were many presidents of the United States that were able to construct doctrines during their presidency terms in office that defined their individual foreign policy goals and/or aims. Just to name a few there was the Monroe Doctrine of 1823, Truman Doctrine 1947 and the Reagan Doctrine of 1984. For example, the Monroe Doctrine was constructed for two main reasons: 1) John Adams, Secretary of State, suggested the principle that the Western hemisphere was not an option for any further colonization by the European powers and 2) the U.S. would defend the freedom of other nations. The Monroe Doctrine proved its power in the 1900’s when President Roosevelt enforced the doctrine during the Venezuela Border Dispute as well as securing the independence of Cuba from the abusive Spanish rule. During his Presidency, The Ronald Reagan Doctrine was a foreign policy in the United States from 1980 to 1991. The doctrine was to help eliminate communist governments such as Latin America, Africa and Asia which were supported by the Soviet Union (Lagon, 1994). The plan was to implement support to private and open guerilla and resistance movements that were supported by the Soviet in communist countries. Containment was the official policy towards communism and in creating the Reagan Doctrine, the focus started from keeping communism from spreading then it shifted to eliminating existing communist governments. In addition to the eliminations of the communist governments, the UnitedShow MoreRelatedEssay on Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt835 Words   |  4 PagesAfter the assassination of President McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt inherited a growing empire when he took office in 1901. The U.S. had annexed Hawaii in 1898 and Spanish-American War granted the U.S. control of the Phili ppines. It also led the U.S. to establish a protectorate over Cuba and grant territorial status for Puerto Rico. By taking on the Philippine Islands as an American colony after the Spanish-American War he had ended the U.S.s isolation from international politics. Theodore RooseveltRead MoreU.S. Bombing of North Vietnam1454 Words   |  6 PagesOn February 24, 1965, United States President Lyndon B. Johnson authorized Operation ROLLING THUNDER to commence against North Vietnam. ROLLING THUNDER, the longest bombing campaign ever conducted by the United States Air Force, lasted from 1965 to 1968. (Tilford, â€Å"Operation ROLLING THUNDER†) There were several reasons why President Johnson chose to begin an all-out bombing campaign against North Vietnam at this time. The United States wanted to prevent the spread of communism by enforcing theRead MoreAmerica s Changing Foreign Policy2460 Words   |  10 Pages The Monroe Doctrine was an assertion of President James Monroe regarding U.S. foreign policy in 1823. In the Doctrine, the President denounced European powers’ any further attempt to colonize and exploit Latin American countries, while promising not to interfere any existing European colonies in the Americas. The Monroe Doctrine was one of the greatest turning points in American foreign policy as it marked the beginning of America’s rapid development as a world power. Over the past two hundredRead MorePresident Truman And President Dwight D. Eisenhower1027 Words   |  5 Pages President Harry Truman and President Dwight D. Eisenhower were each president during the Cold War. Harry Truman became president during the end of World War II in 1945. His final term ended in 1953. Dwight Eisenhower became president in the midst of the Cold war in 1953 and his last term ended on 1961. Truman was Democratic and Eisenhower was Republican. They each had many occasions when their policies had similar intentions, but they went about th em differently. Each wanted to end the fightingRead MoreCivil Rights : An Appearance1338 Words   |  6 Pagesevidence from both authors, while furthering Dudziak’s argument that the Cold War was instrumental in equality issues. I will also address the importance Hall places on the United State’s image abroad. The federal government’s foreign and domestic actions were constructed to produce an international image of successful democracy, allowing civil rights reform when it was most convenient for the government. African Americans experienced restricted socioeconomic opportunities and civil rights afterRead MoreCauses Of The Cold War1396 Words   |  6 Pages I will analyze the causes of the Cold War from two theoretical perspectives, namely the realist and the constructivist perspectives. Constructivism  is the claim that significant aspects of international relations are historically and socially constructed, and it focuses on the development of structures, the ideas of norms, and the relationship between actors as well as how does identity influences actions and behavior amongst and between actors. A constructivist will argue that the high tension  andRead More Relations Between Turkey and America Essay5063 Words   |  21 PagesTurkey and America from the cold war to current issues I will study on the situations that are developed between America and Turkey starts from the end of the cold war such as â€Å"Truman doctrine†, â€Å"missile crisis† and â€Å"gulf war†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The policies of United States and the reactions of Turkey’s against that policies will take part in this paper. COLD WAR The Soviet Union and the United States, after World War II, began a military competition. The Soviet Union, after the end of World War II, wishedRead MoreThe Role Of Independent Agencies And The White House Staff Essay1900 Words   |  8 PagesI will also argue America’s expanding international function in response to globalization placed the presidency, responsible for foreign policy, in a newly found position to exercise power. Finally, I will argue that the public perception of the presidency as a â€Å"living reality† (Reedy, p. 10) shifted it from a peripheral political entity to one at the center of policy discussion and leadership. In this essay, I will present examples of the modern presidency in the attributes of administrations fromRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb : A Code Of Honor1373 Words   |  6 Pagesplutonium and the development of the atomic bomb, and he starts to work on it, along with his co workers. â€Å" The ultimate responsibility for our nation s pol icy rests on its citizens and they can discharge such responsibilities wisely only if they are informed. The average citizen cannot be expected to understand clearly how an atomic bomb is constructed or how it works but there is in this country a substantial group of engineers and scientists who can understand such things and who can explain the potentialitiesRead MoreThe Positive Aspects of the Cold War: 1946 - 1991 Describes the positive aspects and outcomes of the cold war, and how it helped to create a stable world economy and political structure.1396 Words   |  6 Pagesnuclear arms race, and the global military build-up all served to create global political stability and economic prosperity. The Marshall Plan created by United States Secretary of State George Marshall and the Molotov Plan created by Soviet Foreign Minister Molotov were both designed to increase their respective countrys spheres of influence. Both plans called for the creation of alliances, treaties, and pacts with as many other countries as possible in order to weaken the enemys political